Robin Winks , Jonathan Walton , and William and Jane Pease have concluded that for the vast majority of black immigrants--whether fugitive or free--Canada offered only discrimination , segregation , poverty , and oppression . This article contends that blacks encountered less discrimination and prejudice in Canada than in the United States and that in Canada they found the freedom they so desperately sought . Canada may not have been a perfect refuge , but it was better than the United States (Hepburn , 1999 ) Today , Canada ranks high...











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