Managers constantly spent much of their time on information processing , generally defined , according to Mintzberg ( 1983 ) now often do so interceded by technology in the figure of executive information systems , groupware , video-conferencing , and the like . Organizations have been seen in the past as types of information processing (Galbraith , 1973 ) and now have gathered technocratic descriptors like 'networked 'knowledge based , and 'virtual ' as telecommunications in particular have been deployed to synchronize remote workers or share information across enterprises . ``Incorporating technologies into...











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