While there is undoubtedly some truth to this , especially with less sophisticated issuers , when investment banking firm go public , they underprice themselves by as much as other IPOs of similar size . But this model has being refuted . Muscarella Vetsuypens (1989 , cited in Scindelei Perotti (2002 , has it that underpricing proved to be significant at IPOs by investment banks as well , even though no asymmetric information existed since issuers acted as their own agents in the going public process . Rock (1985...











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