Policies that are being used to encourage developing countries have not been effective and international trade participation criteria have even been criticized as hostile to the developing countries (Brown and Stern , 2005 . Affluent nations still have better bargaining power over trade over smaller countries . The added competition of international brands in local markets has more resources to back them up (Bergsten , 1999 . Less affluent countries have little resources to develop infrastructures markets and technology Discrepancies such as these are the...











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