world history

World History

The problems of the Ottoman empire were many . The history of its decline

ranges from 1699 to 1908 . Apart from weak leadership and internal differences , the

two main problems that led to the fall of Ottoman empire were inability to bring

in effective reforms at the right time and the general awakening in Europe . The

printing press was considered to be `a devil 's invention ' and was not introduced

in the Ottoman society for almost 100 years after its invention in 1450 ! The era

of

modernization saw a massive awakening and identical factions started

demanding freedom and independence . This lead to frequent wars and the

Ottomans gradually started losing territories . An empire which spread through three

continents , was ultimately dissolved in 1922 (Ottoman

The Ming dynasty ruled over China from 1368 to 1644 . The emergence of

Manchu and Nurhaci factions were mainly responsible for the fall of Ming

dynasty . These factions gained prominence in 1600 , and were unsuccessful in

defeating the Ming due to its powerful commander Yuan Chonghuan , till 1628

The Manchus concentrated in gaining the territories of inner Mongolia . Yuan 's

successors were not so powerful and started losing to Manchu leader Huang Taiji

who had declared the Qing dynasty . Beijing fell to Manchus in 1644 , but the last

nail on the coffin was the death of Yongli emperor , Zhu Youlang in 1662 . Losing

military conflicts was the main reason for fall of Ming dynasty (Ming dynasty

The Qing dynasty ruled from 1644 to 1912 . The Qing emperor had a `inner

court ' which decided on important policy matters and was dominated by the

imperial family . The central part of the inner court was Grand council , which was

in charge of military and intelligence matters . Ministers posted to Grand Council

served as emperor 's privy council . The institutions inherited from the Ming

dynasty formed the `outer court ' which handled the routine matters (Qing dynasty )Works-cited page

Ottoman , wkipedia the free encyclopedia , 10-03-07 , Retrieved on 10-0307 Ming dynasty , wikipedia the free encyclopedia , 6 -03 .07 Retrieved on 10-03-07

p Qing dynasty , wikipedia the free encyclopedia , 10-03-07 Retireved on 10-03-07

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