Paper Topic:

western civilization

p Western Civilization

Section 1

3 . Discuss the rise of Nationalism , making reference to its manifestation in the political sphere and its influence on international relations during the nineteenth century

Nationalism was termed as a principle during the 19th century referring to political movement for binding a nation or to unite a nation by tradition or culture . By the nationalism the political sphere wanted to bind the nation as an independent or autonomous political community with support of a common history and common goal . The nationalism raised the political

relations in terms of the uniqueness . The nationalism showed its triumph over the other ideologies . The rise of nationalism had changed the trends later in Japan , Italy and other countries

Nationalists strongly went for strengthening few principles like strengthening national unity for securing the political scenario towards one side only , strengthening the national characteristics and preventing foreign influences for nation 's uniqueness limiting non-national populations on the national territory seizing territory , and economic nationalism . These principles had turned

The nationalism had changed the political scenario . For example during the period of 1850 and 1914 , strong nations or the states had been developed which won the eager and keen support of all the social classes . This had caused a swing in the equilibrium of international political power , and this had turned the masses away from the socialism which further led to the wars . Another example was of a dictator Napoleon III of France who played a revolutionary role for the win of nationalism during 19th century . His gentle dictatorship came into being unlawfully which lasted from 1852 to 1870 he showed how the state and their programs could ask to rich and poor conservative and radical for advancing nationalism . Thus the national state turned into a way of managing the challenge of rapid political and economic change by nationalism

Section 2

Title : Question 2 : Technological and Military Change

2 . Discuss the technological innovations and tactical changes that made the First World War so very different from the conflicts of the nineteenth century

There were drastic technological changes during the First World War as compared to the conflicts in the 19th century . The technology during World War I was basically based on the industrialism and mass production of the warfare used during the World War I . The conflicts in the 19th century , which had fought with the old warfare , had turned into the modern means of destruction during the World War I . The tactical changes which had brought by the Germany , was the consequences of the bad warfare means and old methods of fighting the war

The main areas of technological innovations were the weapons logistical support , medical , industrial , communications and intelligence . The first anti-aircraft guns were designed for the warfare means . The use of jet fighters had turned the method of wars different from the conflicts during the 19th century The use of aircraft became crucial throughout the war , both in tactical and strategic operations . The experience of World War I offered the...

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