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The Developments in Istanbul from 1321 to 1520

Various rulers have led Istanbul from the year 1321 to 1520 . After Andronicus ' death on 15 June 1341 , the country was ruled by John Cantacuzenus whose reign was characterized by various civil wars which Cantacuzenus himself considered to signify the beginning of the end of the Byzantium Empire . John Freely quotes Cantacuzenus who stated that

the civil wars during the end of his reign were the worst civil war that the Romans had ever experienced , a conflict that destroyed almost everything , reducing the Roman Empire to a feeble shadow of its former self (162-163 . The effects of these civil wars , as well as the beginning of the end of the Byzantine Empire , were in itself apparent in the destruction of the architectural landmarks of Istanbul during that time . It was during this period , for example , that the Great Palace of Byzantium was slowly destroyed , leaving in its wake `half-buried remnants ' of the formerly glorious Byzantium Empire (Freely 163

The fall of the Byzantium Empire however can be specifically placed in the period of 1354 to 1453 (Freely 164 . Cantacuzenus ' reign was followed by the reign of John V Palaelogus . His reign heralded the `Byzantium 's last century (Freely 164 . During his reign , several factors heralded the fall of the empire . These are as follows (1...

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