‘What really makes something a security problem?’ (Wæver) What are the dangers associated with ‘securitisation’.

Under Maximum Control

Critical Analysis on `Security ' and `Securitisation

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Thesis Statement

The call for security has widely been a major issue on various states in the contemporary society . The question which belligerently lies on the perception of the extent of `safety ' of a place is also a hanging issue with regard to the arena of globalization and terrorism (Palmer 1995 . Hence , every country possessing their own respective rights and ideals towards any act Is but

the only holding factor of its citizens thus not knowing the state of emergence they shall take the moment they have stepped out of their homes . Given with such scenario , a two-fold process onto how to eradicate the threat ' and enlighten the masses that everything is under control ' remains in the valley of the uncharted pedestal

Introduction

Conflict , terrorism and security - perceivably common terms which is not new to the modern day public . The `plague ' to the society is not a new `issue ' at that , hence connotes varied perceptions from every individual ADDIN EN .CITE Snyder1999116Craig SnyderContemporary Security and Strategy11999New YorkRoutledge (Snyder , 1999 . However , the parallelism of both terms quite deliver a dignifying sense of utterance to many - for how long shall this plague bug our living daylights ? The question remains staggered in every second that seemingly falls in the senses of one . The world is aware of the clashing of power between the domineering countries - USA and UAE . Apparently , the contributing factor of the feud between nations ' is sought around the vortex of issues that revolve around the 9 /11 tragedy ADDIN EN .CITE Deacon2004446John DeaconGlobal Securitisation and CDOs2004New YorkWiley (Deacon , 2004

The world had been struck by such incident that it has consequently commenced the war ' In the concept of the security dilemma states are the definitive guarantors of their individual protection hence , they must get hold of the indispensable military potency to save from harm their sovereignty inasmuch as their territorial veracity Further , the attainment of such armed forces ' capabilities , on the other hand , can be seen as aggressive by other adjacent states thus making them not capable to distinguish or give conviction on the defensive ' eminence of the state 's weaponry acquisitions which as well search for to appendage themselves

Analysis

The factors that revolve around the realm of security ' may be further dwelled onto by surfacing on the following areas (1 ) military security (2 ) political security (3 ) economic security (4 ) societal security and (5 ) environmental security ADDIN EN .CITE Buzan20047 76Barry BuzanOle WzhverRegions and Powers : The Structure of International Security2004N ew YorkCambridge University Press (Buzan and Wzhver , 2004 . Although the whole gist of the perspective may be quite a complex idea , the generalization of the term is but the major reason why it is evident that the issue on security is one of the most appalling fields focused by the government ADDIN EN .CITE HaftendornHelga Haftendorn The Security Puzzle Theory-Building and Discipline-Building in International Security 3-7351 1991September 5 2007http /links .jst or .org /sici ?sici 0020-8833 2935 3A1 3C3 3ATSPTAD 3E2 .0 .CO 3B2-C (Haftendorn 1991

In further illustration , the multifarious debates on the issue of security is definitely one which is hanging on a pedestal of further deliberation - to what extent may one prudently say that security is needed in a certain vicinity , or onto what certain grounds is the term in point of fact dealt into concept . Ole Wzhver , the pioneer of the `securitisation ' theory , significantly stressed that the certain strategy is utterly noted as beneficial for the following reasons : the more unified the critical theories are to be sought , the more that the theory is being challenged , secondly , the unanimity of the policy makers in achieving more adoptable theories and lastly , the strategy is to progress into a rather more evaluative connection with security on the part of the analyst allowing a more composite conceptualization of the term

Security dilemmas faced by the 21st Century

Numerous states nowadays are considerably not Consequently not like of a of a regime possessing domination of power and in solid command over the region under its ostensible influence . In the light , political scientists as well as policymakers have lately revealed , worsening and botched nations compose the massiveness of the Third World ADDIN EN .CITE Deacon2004446John DeaconGlobal Securitisation and CDOs2004New YorkWiley (Deacon , 2004 , as much as a bulky fraction of the undying massive disturbance of terrorism ' and greed of power commencing states to pursue with wars ADDIN EN .CITE Manwaring2003226Max G ManwaringEdwin G CorrRobert H DorffThe Search for Security2003N ew YorkPraeger Publishers (Manwaring , 2003 . These countries do not only increase the inability to progress autonomously , they are apparently becoming a threat towards economic flux . Failed , or that of fault states present a feeding ground for terrorists and structured felony networks , hence destabilizing larger regions in cases of domestic commotion and conflicts tip out orbiting their vicinity to impinge on adjacent states- just like that experienced in the year 1990 at West Africa ADDIN EN .CITE Paquette2002336Laure PaquetteStrategy and Ethnic Conflict : A Method , Theory , and Case Study2002New YorkPraeger Publishers6X (Paquette , 2002

Several conflicts has been tallied and noted , one of the most astounding issues revolve around conflicts and mass violence situations which have not been resolves like the counties : Africa , Darfur , Chad Somalia , Cambodia and Zimbabwe . Although there are also countries which have not been noted as one , but do experience conflicts - the only difference is that , the conflict falls on the grounds of economic and political instability thus leading into violent protests and massive compulsion of degrading problems ADDIN EN .CITE KupchanCharles A KupchanClifford A KupchanThe Promise of Collective Security52-6120 11995September 5 2007http /links .jst or .org /sici ?sici 0162-2889 2920 3A1 3C52 3ATPOCS 3E2 .0 .CO 3B2-E (Kupchan and Kupchan , 1995

Moreover , in places wherein instances for flourishing improvement has not been quite evident , such as Africa and the Greater Middle East , an ethnicity of undefeatable doom of agony and frustration in living is obvious in the stagnation , and even the dilapidation of human being tribes is surfacing . Certainly , the economic development of the aforementioned countries has nothing to do with exporters of unprocessed resources and contain is evidently under semi-feudal political managements controlled over by benefaction and fraud . It may then be taken to assumption that those who are behind these illegal transactions are those which are happy with the fact that they are about to surmount a possible threat to the government against their activity

Peace-keepers

On such responsibility to protect principle , it may not be primarily understood that the bridgehead obtained at the World Summit and in succeeding Security Council conferences is most likely to eradicate whatever it is that took hold of the established goals . Asia , a member state , as an example , is extremely hesitant to believe that this idea of the Summit will result a beneficial document , hence carry on scrapping a rearguard stroke in opposition to it and retain the perception of security among nations . It had been stressed in further research that those who have been tasked over that certain piece of enlightenment has been led to the wrong ' path and not really having the light on what is expected . Infrequent hard work by protectors of the 2003 assault of Iraq , particularly the UK supervision , utterly aims to rather accept it as necessary by principles . Even though other military protection several attempts to the destruction of international terrorism has been frustratingly depleting in hope . Gradually , they have thrived commendably in strengthening the point of views of opponents that whichever dispensation as to the limits of state dominion would produce a justification which will be subjugated by neo-colonialists ' and neo-imperialists ' who are eager spread their dark ' habits like the past

There has been a lack of coherence , consistency and consensus in the way in which the key international players respond to these situations : a point that has often been made , about the UN 's response to various conflict situations , but the point can easily be generalized . Even in a highly specific area like response to actual or threatened mass atrocities , it remains very difficult to get countries to move beyond acceptance of the general principle that sovereignty has its limits , to get agreement on what precise action should be taken by whom and when above all when , the question of military intervention arises . In essence , there are still some who suppose that the United Nations can further insistently undertake these tribulations and so put down the foundation for a re-energized international system ADDIN EN .CITE KrauseKeith KrauseMichael C WilliamsBroadening the Agenda of Security Studies : Politics and MethodsMershon International Studies ReviewMershon International Studies Review96http /links .jstor .org /sici ?sici 1079-1760 2940 3A2 3C229 3 ABTAOSS 3E2 .0 .CO 3B2-V (Krause and Williams , 1996 . But the UN , in point of fact , roughly after the ending of the Cold War , has been immobilized to generate an efficient scheme of communal security competent not only of international relations (peace-keeping ) but for peace-enforcement as well , preventing conflicts and fighting the increase of weapons of mass destruction and other problems which comes in the most invulnerable state

Securitisation : A review

Securitisation is considered a good fund-raising option for private companies when the stock market is down and lending rates high hence securitisation would have a lower all-in cost than mobilizing funds from the sluggish stock market or borrowing from banks . The Securitisation Act has been in effect since 1997 . Apparently , the market in Thailand has produced over 20 billion baht in its market rate with the use of such strategy . At present , securitising assets is not a popular fund-raising vehicle because private companies have not thoroughly understood the complicated process on the other hand , there is demand for asset-backed securities from investors who want to invest in low- risk assets that can generate good returns . The increasing trend towards securitisation from the big investment banks entering the market is likely to stifle innovation as lenders build products to suit the eventual buyer . Surely , the important thing is that potential buyers have a range of products available to them which may suit their particular circumstances . Innovation within markets is all well and good and should be encouraged as long as the products being created have an end purpose . Securitisation is just another facet to the market which could increase competition and provide borrowers with another option but it has yet to have a major impact on the market ADDIN EN .CITE Morrissey1992556Helena MorrisseyInternational Securitisation1992New York NYIfr Publishing (Morrissey , 1992

Threats in `securitisation

As another form of self-defense , banks have also developed their own sophisticated risk-management systems . These have enabled them to identify more clearly the risks that they are running in both their lending and trading business , and to hedge , or insure themselves against those that do not offset one another , thus like any other entities which seemingly attract individuals with illegal ' interest over other 's property ' the leash is always at stake . Basically among the most common debts that have been sold in this way are banks mortgage repayments , credit-card receivables and sovereign loans ADDIN EN .CITE Morrissey1992556Helena MorrisseyInternational Securitisation1992New York NYIfr Publishing (Morrissey , 1992 . By establishing a market price for these and other debts , such as loans to small businesses , securitisation allows outsiders to estimate the value of some of a bank 's assets with greater accuracy . The process of securitisation is also a double-edged sword . Many of the loans that banks have disposed of in this way are top-quality , low-risk credits that appeal to a broad range of investors Those left on their balance sheets are poorer-quality ones , which are more likely to cause problems

Conclusions with further remarks

Undeniably , the factors that seemingly adhere onto the level of security of certain vicinities may be hard to simplify . Given the fact that individuals come in different ideals , beliefs and characteristics , the greed over power and sovereignty is implicitly the main reason why the issue on security and the plague on terrorism are undeniably swallowing the minds of the society (Laqueur , 1999 . With such , it is an astounding standpoint that countries are now paying much attention on the `security ' of its people and the preparations onto competence in the arena of globalization ADDIN EN .CITE Buzan19976 66Barry Buzan Ole WverJaap De WildeOle WaeverSecurity : A New Framework for Analysis1997F loridaLynne Rienner Pub (Buzan et al , 1997 . As the Australian Securitisation Forum Inc . notes in their mission : To shape the future of the Australian securitisation industry for the ongoing benefit of its members piously , if the mission be fulfilled in the most ideal sense as it had been established , the attainment of the goals and hopes of the nation and of the world will be at reach in the most unifying array . Our purpose is an examination of the second issue - the polity 's response to the government 's move to the provision of security . Consequently , while passing reference may be made to causative factors (indeed , governmental response and the labeling of security may be viewed as causative ADDIN EN .CITE Snyder1999116Craig SnyderContemporary Security and Strategy11999New YorkRoutledge (Snyder , 1999 , this work is most concerned with the manner in which conflict and consensus theories might interpret and predict governmental reactions to violence and other threats of the like . In essence , this horizon of defining the exactness of `security ' is still vague as of the time being because keeping up a nation under maximum security ' is vulnerable to jeopardizing consequences

References

ADDIN EN .REFLIST BUZAN , B WZHVER , O (2004 ) Regions and Powers The Structure of International Security , New York , Cambridge University Press

BUZAN , B , WVER , O , WILDE , J . D WAEVER , O (1997 ) Security : A New Framework for Analysis , Florida , Lynne Rienner Pub

DEACON , J (2004 ) Global Securitisation and CDOs , New York , Wiley

HAFTENDORN , H (1991 ) The Security Puzzle : Theory-Building and Discipline-Building in International Security

KRAUSE , K WILLIAMS , M . C (1996 ) Broadening the Agenda of Security Studies : Politics and Methods . Mershon International Studies Review , 40 229-524

KUPCHAN , C . A KUPCHAN , C . A (1995 ) The Promise of Collective Security . 20 , 52-61

MANWARING , M . G (2003 ) The Search for Security , New York , Praeger Publishers

MORRISSEY , H (1992 ) International Securitisation , New York NY , Ifr Publishing

PAQUETTE , L (2002 ) Strategy and Ethnic Conflict : A Method , Theory , and Case Study , New York , Praeger Publishers

SNYDER , C (1999 ) Contemporary Security and Strategy , New York Routledge Security and Securitisation 2007 PAGE \ MERGEFORMAT 1...