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Reclassifying the Traditional Pastoral

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Reclassifying the Traditional Pastoral

The Pope-Philips controversy and the Guardian essays are familiar to students of the eighteenth century for their debate on how to write pastoral . Some have mined this discussion for its connections to the debate between "neo-classical " and "realistic " modes , or between Tory and Whig modes , or between classicist and nationalist modes . But these essays and the eclogue cycles each author wrote also reflect a set of concerns about the changing nature of authorship , which on the

one hand is reliant on a loosely defined court patronage , and on the other is increasingly the product of a relationship with a bookseller and printer . Changes in authorship , in conjunction with the end of government control of the press and proliferation of printed material created new tensions about how the author was defined socially economically , and politically , as well as who assigned and maintained the culture of England

Jonathan Swift , for example , reveals his awareness of this surge of publication in the "Preface " to A Tale of a Tub when he writes "nine thousand seven hundred forty and three persons , which by modest computation is reckoned to be pretty near the current number of wits in this island " who are trained at one of several schools , including the "School of Poetry " and the "School of Critics " to write and "publish [their] proposals with all convenient speed " In his satirical remarks about the number of people who call themselves "wits " or "authors...