what`s mean teacher

Practical Knowledge and Practical Theory

By Sinta Novanana

The Aristotelian Challenge to Teacher Education

Learning Theory

In psychology and education , learning theories are attempts to describe how people learn , thereby helping us understand the inherently complex process of learning . There are basically three main perspectives in learning theories , Behaviorism , Cognitivism , and Constructivism and additionally we do have what we call informal and post-modernism

Proposition 1

The first proposition is that the experience of teaching and being taught provides a rich

source of knowledge which teachers make use of

in the classroom

Proposition 2

The second proposition is that each teacher is a theory builder , that is , that each teacher

creates a basis or a theory of action for effective teaching

Proposition 3

Proposition 3 is clearly a corollary of the first two propositions namely that , in teaching , there is a very close link between theory and practice

Proposition 4

The fourth proposition will come as no surprise . It is that what teachers do in the classroom is largely shaped by their own personal theories that they carry round in their heads

Proposition 5

It will be clear from the above that changes to teaching practice are intentional and require

careful thought . Significant changes are not the product of whim or caprice . In other words , change to practice is accompanied by change to the theory that informs such practice

Proposition 6

It should also be clear that teachers are the principal architects of their own professional

development

Proposition 7

The last proposition concerns teacher awareness of practical theories The proposition is that the professional teacher must be able to articulate fully the bases for his or her own

practical theory

Practical Knowledge and Practical Theory

In general , Teacher 's Education program set out with the assumption that this knowledge falls into two categories : theoretical ' knowledge of (a ) the subject (s ) being taught in school and of (b ) the so-called educational sciences , and practical ' knowledge of the techniques expertise , and actions that characterize the skilled practitioner . The theoretical knowledge in the subject matter comes from the science that investigates that certain field (and so it is generally necessary for the student to attain a level of knowledge equivalent to that of an undergraduate degree in the subjects being taught in the school . The theoretical knowledge in the educational sciences comes from the fields of philosophy , psychology , sociology , or anthropology , accompanied by an understanding of statistics and research methods

According to this concept , the knowledge that guides performance is an application of theoretical knowledge of a specific academic field . In this regard , the teaching profession resembles others , such as medicine agriculture , or engineering . The applied knowledge unique to teaching focuses on didactics (general and disciplinary , class management pedagogy , evaluation , and so on . While the theoretical knowledge is usually studied in academic courses of various types (from lectures to seminars , the practical side is generally acquired in workshops , the preparation of projects ' and through supervised practical experience ' Therefore , every Teacher 's Education program includes...