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malcolm knowles adult learning theory

BIOGRAPHY OF Dr . MALCOLM S . KNOWLES Known as the modern day father of Androgogy Lived in an era of great change and character building phases massive influx of immigrants several wars economic depression waves of technological advances the civil rights movement dominance of the knowledge worker optimism of the human spirit Mother trained him to be systematical and to set self-directing technology strategies BIOGRAPHY 1934 - Graduated with BA from Harvard Univ . Met and married Hulda Fortel while there 1940 - Director of adult education at Boston YMCA

1943 - Drafted into the Army 1946 - Director of adult education at the YMCA in Chicago 1949 - Earned his MA at the University of Chicago 1951 - Served as executive director of adult education association of the USA 1951-1957 Pursued PhD at University of Chicago 1959 - 14 yrs as Assoc professor adult education Boston Univ 1970 - Presented 1st edition of Modern Practice of Adult Education : Androgogy vs Pedagogy 1974 - Member adult education department at North Carolina State Univ DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROGOGY Learning theory is outgrowth of psychological theory Propounders Edward Thorndike (1898 ) Animal Intelligence Ivan Pavlov (1902 ) Classical Conditioning Sigmund Freud (1911 ) Psychodynamics B . F . Skinner (1931 ) Operant Conditioning Jean Piaget (1935 ) Cognitive Development Abraham Maslow (1941 ) Hierarchy of Human Needs Malcolm Knowles (1970 ) Adult Learning Theory Expounders William Heard Kilpatrick (1925 ) Dewey 's Theory , The Project Method Ernest Hilgard (1931 ) Dissociation Theory (hypnosis Sigmund Koch (1954 ) Modern Learning Theory Robert Glaser (1962 ) Criterion-referenced Measure (testing theory DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROGOGY Lots of effort directed at organizing and categorizing learning theories . Classified as Behaviorist /connectionist theories Thorndike , Pavlov , Skinner Cognitive /gestalt theories Tolman (purposive behaviorism , gestalt psychologists Knowles and others unhappy with this classification Andragogik , was first coined by a German grammar teacher Kapp in 1833 . Andragogy started being used in the Netherlands by a professor outlining the science of andragogy DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROGOGY 1967 - a Yugoslavian adult educator attended a summer session course by Knowles and exclaimed , Malcolm , you are preaching and practicing andragogy ' Knowles responded , Whatagogy ' Supposedly , the European adult educators had coined the term as a parallel to pedagogy to provide a label for the growing body of knowledge and technology in regard to adult learning Pedagogy is derived from Greek and refers to the art and science of teaching children and androgogy was being defined as the art and science of helping adults learn (Knowles , 1984 For many years it was assumed that the principles and techniques that were used in the education of children would be equally effective in helping adults to learn Ancient great Chinese , Hebrew , Greek , and Roman teachers taught adults and had theories about the ends of adult education but about the means of adult learning . This continued until the 20th century after WWI PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS Two streams of inquiry for knowledge acquisition Scientific stream Rigorous , often experimental investigation Adults can learn Thorndike , 1928 Adult Learning 1935 Adult Interests Adults have different interests and abilities than children Herbert Sorenson , 1938 Adult Abilities Artistic or intuitive /reflective stream Intuition...

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