What are the main claims and elements of the following approaches to moral issues: (1) Social Contract Theory; (2) Rights Theory; (3) Care Ethics and (4) Virtue Ethics? (B) What criticisms and problems have been posed to each of these views have, if any?

A . What are the main claims and elements of the following approaches to moral issues (1 ) Social Contract Theory (2 ) Rights Theory (3 ) Care Ethics and (4 ) Virtue Ethics

1 . Social Contract Theory

Social Contract Theory has been developed by Hobbs . Social Contract Theory advocates that each individual is motivated by his /her own selfish interests (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy , 2004 . The theory believes that people are subject to continual risk as each person in the society is selfish . Without any moral contracts , there will be a state of anarchy in

the society . Everyone in the society should sign a contract that governs norms of living in the society otherwise people will indulge in lying , stealing and other evils (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy , 2009 . Selfishness is the only motivation to be moral

The theory is based on mutual consent and agreement . The theory argues that people should follow moral values for mutual benefit . It is mutually beneficial for the people to live according to a given set of moral laws

2 . Rights Theory

Rights Theory was proposed by John Locke . According to Locke , nature has provided natural rights to every human being . These natural rights command that all people have the right to live without causing any ham to each other . The Rights Ethical theory gives priority to the rights laid down by society . The theory argues that it is morally and ethically correct to respect these rights . The actions of a person are considered morally correct if they conform...