lung function vs smoking and nonsmoking

Smoking and Non-Smoking Lung Function Changes in Male and Female Population

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Abstract

This analytical essay presents information about the smoking and non-smoking lung function changes in the male and female population . The bibliography appends twelve sources in Chicago format

Outline

Introduction

Changes in the lung function

Conclusion

Introduction

Not much is known about the changes that take place in the functions of smoking and non smoking males and females . A vast number of

people die ever year because of smoking . The changes that take place in the lung function are so adverse that in the long run they can cause the death of a person . According to sources , The WHO in the 2002 World Health Report estimates that in developed countries , 26 of male deaths and 9 of female deaths can be attributed to smoking . Similarly , the United States ' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide (Health Effects of Tobacco Smoking , 2007

The main risk factor of smoking is respiratory tract diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD (Feenstra and Marianne 2001 ) and emphysema , and cancer , particularly lung cancer and cancers of the larynx and mouth . Before the World War I , lung cancer was taken to be rare disease , which was at times never even seen by doctors during their careers . After the war , cigarettes are being used extensively , and lung cancer has become wide-spread now . Nearly half of all Americans who go on with smoking die because of it . Every year , it is said that nearly 440 ,000 people die in the United States only because of diseases related to smoking and cigarettes kill more Americans than alcohol , car accidents , suicide , AIDS , homicide , and illegal drugs combined (Cigarette Smoking , 2007

Changes in the Lung Function

A number of changes take place in the function of the lungs of people who smoke , thereby we can say that certain differences exist between the lung functions of smokers and non-smokers . According to a research that was carried out , the breathing system of the human body responds in certain ways to smoking . This research was related to COPD in which lung specimens were attained from patients who had moderate COPD , and smokers without airflow obstruction . In both COPD patients and smokers , the majority of cells present in the enlarged intimas were stained by specific smooth muscle cell (SMC ) markers . A proportion of SMCs did not stain with desmin , suggesting cellular heterogeneity in this population . Elastin was the most abundant extracellular matrix protein and collagen was seen in a lower proportion . The amount of collagen was related to the intimal thickness . The findings demonstrated smooth muscle cell proliferation , as well as elastin and collagen deposition , in the thickened intimas of pulmonary arteries in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and smokers , suggesting that these abnormalities may originate at...