human motivation midterm

HUMAN MOTIVATION : FINAL EXAMINATION

Human Motivation

Final Examination (author (University

Question ?1

Before we take an excursion in to the theories of human motivation , we should consider that earlier understanding on the was based on early psychological milestones : Freudian Theory of Id , Behaviorist Theory of Watson , Humanistic Theory of Maslow . For example , according to Freud , the basic biological urges , that he called id ' were instinctive by nature and drove human behavior according to uncontrollable urges , i .e , negative ' urges that humans needed to learn how to control . Freud speculated

further that human ego ' was there to subdue (i .e . control ) those negative ' urges thus rendering the owner more socially adaptable . Under the same umbrella , we are familiar with instinct theories of human motivation , so progressively mentioned in the work of Dugger (2006 . In it , this particular author takes us back on what was known Evolutionary Theory (a .k .a . Pawlov 's Theory of Evolution , and yet , so masterfully suggests that human motivation can be viewed through these lenses . In the same arena we can place what contemporary psychologists understand under Need Theory of Human Motivation . Referring back to Maslow , we recall that he developed that particular milestone under guidance of human needs . In particular , he saw the hierarchy of human needs in the form of the pyramid in which the bottom portion occupied the most primary ones

Watson and his followers maintained that humans are born with a blank state ' which , as the human child grows , is filled with the content influenced by the environmental factors . To extrapolate , their perspective suggested that external stimuli are responsible for the human motivation . It is curious to inquire further , would the human produce motivational impulses if completely isolated for an extended period of time ? If we view human motivation only from behaviorist perspective , the answer to this question can become logically as follows . If deprived from any external stimuli from his /her birth , the human will be completely and absolutely amotivated in every aspect of his or her life . Such supposition was evidenced as wrong through and with research on stimuli deprived children (Brown , 1961

Brown (1961 ) also argued that humanistic psychologists discussed human motivation from the self-actualization point of view . He made a case that every one of us has the internal need to learn to naturally develop self be it conditioned or vicarious learning situations

Maslow and Rogers gave a thrust to a completely new group of psychologists who began considering a combination of cognitive social-cognitive , and social-behaviorists angles on the human motivation . The names of the motivational theories , as descriptive as they are , imply on important differentiation . Each framework refers to the specific perspective , as in human consciousness being the great part of the motivational impulse , or human consciousness being influenced by a social structure , or even social structure having a full impact on the human motivation thus his or her behavior

From this perspective , one would find a great point of interest to consider that humanistic and Gestalt...