take home exam: Nationalism and Empire

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Nationalism and Empire : John Stuart Mill and Mahatma Gandhi

Introduction

A human society comprising of cultural , social and political components impregnated on its complex and interlinking institutions is the exact defining characteristics of a civilization . The concept of civilization has evolved from time to time , from the synonymous idea of empire or kingdom to a more sophisticated and intangible definitions of social and cultural components are involved . Among the promulgators of civilization theories and discussion are John Stuart Mill and

Mahatma Gandhi . John Stuart Mill has combined the ideology of colonialism and the aspects of international law in to demonstrate his theory of civilization where civilized people settle . The popular ideas of Mill in relation to civilization theories are the propositions of the two components of civilizations and the rule of civilized settlers . However , Mill 's definition of civilization has also been confronted with several critiques and arguments by the modernistic views of civilization Meanwhile , Mahatma Gandhi has utilized the idea of primitive and conservative components of civilization with his main components specifically people , economy , morality and setting , which defines civilization in a simplistic and naturalistic perspective . The historical characters have greatly influenced the evolution of political nationalism and empirical concepts with their understanding and theoretical propositions of civilization and its defining characteristics

Discussion

John Stuart Mill 's Civilization

According to the idea of John Stuart Mill , civilization comprises a dense population with dwelling inhabitants that are largely collected together in towns and villages , and with a highly developed level of agriculture , commerce and manufacturing industry (Keene 2002 112 . Mill emphasizes the idea of human beings ' interdependency with each other manifested in his idea of civilization wherein settlers are aimed towards one common goal and purpose . Civilization comprises a population of inhabitants enjoying the social intercourse with arranged social powers that maintain and protect the affairs of the state , national properties and the subordinates under its umbrella . The illustration of Mill involves the comparison of savagery and barbarism against the civilized and morally defined nature of civilization . According to Peters (2005 , the idea of Mill 's civilization actually characterizes the rise of the bourgeoisie , the printing press , popular education and the political ideology of democracy (124

According to Habibi (2001 , Mill has utilized two concepts with his essay , Civilization . Mill 's first observation in the aspects of civilization is the characteristics of human societal evolution technological advancement and human improvement

We are accustomed to call a country more civilized if we think it more improved more eminent in the best characteristics of Man and society farther advanced in the road to perfection happier , nobler , wiser (Mill 1836

In this notion , Mill forms the attribute of the first dimension that defines a civilization , which is the physical dimension of civilization in to from distinction on the most common distinction of men towards the formation of civilized society . In this argument , Mill argues that most commonly recognized aspect of civilization is whenever...