glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis

by (Student 's Name e .g . Rainchard Roussel (Student 's Student Number or ID e .g . 2004-43085 (Course Subject , e .g . ChE 41 (Name of Instructor e .g . Dr M . Shah (Date of Submission e .g . 28 November 2010

Glomerulonephritis

The kidneys normalize or control blood pressure , intensify production of RBC or red blood cells , and accountable for the filtration of blood to eliminate that 's not needed , supporting and keeping the body 's chemistry in balance (BBC 2006 . Each kidney has an estimated 1 million tiny filtering units known as nephrons

, and each of these is composed of a knot of capillaries or glomerulus that filter or clean the blood , and along thin tube known as renal tube in which important substances like glucose are reabsorbed in the blood to be utilized again (BBC 2006 . The 300 times per day ensuring any waste products and extra water are eliminated from the body

Despite increasing knowledge of the underlying disease mechanisms advance treatment in have been slow . However in recent years it has become apparent that the prognosis in various forms of glomerulonephritis can be improved by appropriate immunosuppressive therapy (Pusey 1999 . Glomerulonephritis or glomerular nephritis (GN ) is a type of disease in the kidney or a primary or secondary immune mediated renal disease ' that hinder that kidney 's capability to excrete and filter excess fluids and waste , characterized by swelling of the glomeruli or the kidney 's small blood vessels and may introduce with secluded proteinuria or hematuria or as nephritic syndrome or acute or renal failure or malfunction . According to studies , glomerulonephritis may be due to certain or particular problems with the immune system of the body , but the specific or exact cause of some cases are unknown as of this time (University 2007 . Glomerulonephritis is categorized into many different pathological arrangements classified as proliferative or non proliferative glomerulonephritis , and it can also be acute which means that it pertains to sudden attack or can be chronic pertaining to the disease coming on gradually (Mayo 2007 . Glomerular disease can be a disease by itself or it can be a section of a systematic disease like in diabetes or lupus , and the therapy is according to the type of glomerulonephritis a person have

The immune mechanism involve in glomerulonephritis can be considered at a number of different levels . First the mechanism which involve specific recognition , that is the binding of particular antigens or fragments of antigens by the recognition molecules of B cells (antibodies ) or T cells (the T receptor . Second , there are varieties of non-specific mediator systems , often recruited by this specific element , which are involved in the mediation of tissue damage . These include both cellular (e .g neutrophils , monocytes ) and non cellular (e .g . complement ) systems Finally , a variety of mechanisms such as chemo attractive cytokines and adhesion molecules on the endothelium are involved in recruiting cellular members of both the specific and on specific systems into the site of inflammations in the glomerulus (Pusey 1999...