evolution

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The Debate on Evolution and Intelligent Design

Jonathan Wells debated in his article in favor of the Intelligent Design Theory . Wells claimed that living things appear to be designed but he did not provide any exact definition for the term . He attempted to compare and provide contrast between Darwinism and the Intelligent Design theory , actually implying that there is instead a Designer responsible for everything reflecting creationist concepts . But the entire essence of the Darwinian theory is

to not simply rely on religious hypotheses , but on scientific evidences as well . Darwin 's propositions are based on natural causation , not religious explanations

In the article , Wells challenged Darwin 's theory of evolution and the examples that supported the latter 's claim . He took the Galapagos finches and the four-winged fruit fly into consideration . He contended that having these two organisms are not representative of all the living things , having their features not enough to explain the entire theory of evolution . This is an assumption of the author that criticizes Darwin 's theory as a weak observation of a few that provided an explanation encompassing a whole . But precisely , these did not have to account for all features of living things . These are mere observations that led him to formulate such hypotheses

Darwin himself studied different anatomical differences among different taxa to support his claims on divergence and speciation . Wells said that even though mutations occurred , they fluctuated through environmental changes without causing the emergence of new species . He did acknowledge that there are evidences on the occurrence of natural

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selection and that it can modify existing features , but he claimed that this is restricted only within established species . He even questioned the emergence of novel features and new species brought by selection processes , when scientists have been doing artificial selection in agriculture for centuries . This is true , however , the entire theory of evolution is based on a timeline beyond human lifetimes as scientists here deal with the geologic timescale . These can expand through thousands of years , and only centuries of observations are very minute relative to the temporal scale used in this field of study

Wells did not see the theory of evolution fitting evidences and that it is an inadequate theory . However , in the dawn of a genetic and molecular era , most of the modern evidences support Darwin 's claims . The novel features are actually in the form of genes . Natural selection is actually very evident in the biological processes among individuals , and due to gene transfer , symbiosis , chromosomal rearrangement and the action of regulator genes , new features arise . As different enzymes encode for different proteins , novel traits emerge . But Wells did not consider these as new structures , for he was searching for anatomical differences . What he did not acknowledge was that evolution is supposed to have been the result of cumulative changes over long periods of time and the presence of mutations itself supports...