4 different short answers

emergency management operations

2007 Telecommunication industry becomes vital parts in an organization since it helps the enterprise to perform daily tasks that are critical to the success of business . There are many applications that a company may use including voice communication by using telephone , data sharing , SAP-based system etc , and Internet . For some industry like banking , telecommunication services are critical parts that they cannot perform their business without them

Since the use of telecommunication networks is critical , therefore , the continuity of services (COS ) should be maintained to prevent huge operation

losses as the result of broken networks . The situation highlights the needs to set up redundant networks that prevent any communication losses when a link is broken

Figure 1 Network Redundancy According to Nicoud (2003 , in to provide network redundancy in IP (Internet Protocol )-based connection , a company must have two different IP addresses that deliver information or data via different route . Concerning the provision of no-downtime system or network redundancy , figure 1 shows how a company can set up redundant network in which when a fault happen at satellite communication , the system will automatically deliver information via fiber optics communications

Point-to-Point and Multipoint WAN Connections

A point-to-Point connection refers to a condition where a company set up communication links that connect one place to another place . In contrast , point-to-multipoint connection refers to the condition where a company sends information and data from one place to several destinations simultaneously

Figure 2 shows typical point-to-point connections in MPLS network . In the figure we see that Customer in Point B only talks or connects with Point D and Customers in Point C only talks to customers in Point A Therefore if a customer in Point B wants to talk with their counterparts in points C , the routing will have three stages : B-D , D-A , and A-B Figure 2 Virtual Leased Line or Ethernet Leased Line

Meanwhile , figure 3 shows the point-to-multipoint connections in which customers in Point C can directly talks with their counterparts in Point C without the need to undergo long paths . The situation suggests that point to multipoint is better in terms of network utilization since it is more efficient that point-to-point connections .Figure 3 Virtual Private LAN Services

Designing LAN Type

In to set up reliable and appropriate communication links typically LAN (local area network , a company must decide which topology , which will be employed in its systems . There are many options regarding the network topology including Ethernet , Token Ring , FDDI ATM , or even a mixture . Each of the system generally can use various transmission media such as wireless connections and fiber optic communications

Prior to the set up of LAN communications , a company must consider comprehensive factors including topology (star , mesh , or bus transmission media (wireless or wire line /cable , transmission speed (bit rate ) and many other . Whatever the options are , LAN design must adopt four elements as following

Functionality LAN must provide users with acceptable speed and reliability

Scalability it means that the design...