diabetes type 1

Diabetes Type 1 : Stem Cell Research

Abstract

Stem cell therapy involves the direct transplant of islet cells to potential areas in the pancreas that have the ability to store and facilitate the differentiation of beta cells in the body . Such treatment is currently under progressive study in terms of its effectiveness and the possibility of fortifying the islet transplant 's resistance to autoimmune attacks antibodies . We discuss the actual procedures and different alternatives of stem cell therapy for DMT1 patients . The discussion covers the potential problems being confronted by such

treatment , such as stem cell scarcity , autoimmune attacks against the islet transplants , etc . Lastly , discussion also covers the potential alternatives of the treatment , specifically (1 ) human embryonic stem cells (2 ) cultured stem cells and (3 ) potential xenogeneic resources In the conclusion , we have found several problems currently being faced by stem cell therapy . These problems include the scarcity of available islet grafts or transplants and the autoimmune risks that can dramatically hinder to the success of the therapy . However , various studies are currently being explored in to obtain potential alternatives , such as xenogeneic stem cell resources , embryonic or progenitor alternatives , etc . Furthermore , we discover different methodologies in stem cell culturing and preparation techniques that confront the immunity problems most especially in post-transplant phase These include the usage of different immuno-suppressing drugs , such as gastrin , etc

Introduction . Type 1 Diabetes

DMT1 is essentially the absence or severe insufficiency of insulin due to the autoimmune (e .g . CD4 interleukin attacks , cellular necrosis macrophagial reactions , etc , environmental or viral destruction of beta cells (e .g . viral infections from mumps , etc ) or insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas . Although , autoimmune reasons are the most commonly associated etiology that cause DMT1 condition . Apparently , the body antibodies , specifically interleukins and minor interferons recognize the antigenicity present on pancreatic islets as foreign substances , which consequently triggers autoimmune responses . The prevalence of DMT1 in United States is approximately 1 in 2500 for the age group of 5 years old , which 1 in 300 for every 20 years of age group . Although the most considerable nature of DMT1 is its autoimmune nature , prevalence of DMT1 in United States and European nations largely depends on two causations (1 ) genetics and (2 ) lifestyle . According to the EURODIAB collaborative study , a registry involving 44 countries in Europe , states an annually increasing rate of DMT1 with approximately 3 to 4 , with a larger increase in some central and eastern European countries . The prevalence of DMT1 among 191 World Health Organization (WHO ) member states and for all age groups worldwide is estimated to be 2 .8 in 2000 and 4 .4 in 2030 . DMT1 's beta cell destruction does not only consider the negative effects towards insulin production Deficiency in insulin can directly lead to moderate to severe hyperglycemia that can further trigger problems , especially in (1 neural systems (2 ) peripheral and central vascular regions (3 ) cardiac and (4 ) kidney areas . Vascular complications among DMT1 are associated to different cellular dysfunctions , such as Endothelial...