critique of research article

Running Head : CRITIQUE OF RESEARCH ARTICLE

Critique of Research Article

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Literature Evaluation Form

1 . Reference : Ruiz , J . R , Rizzo , N . S , Hurtig-Wennltzf , Ortega , F . B Wdrnberg Sjtzstrom (2004 . Relations of and fatness in

children : The European Youth Heart Study . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Vol .84 , No . 2

3 . There is no theoretical framework presented

4 . Purpose : To examine the association of and intensity levels of Cardiovascular Fitness (CVF ) and fatness in children

5 . RQ

1 : Is there a relationship between the objectively measured of children aged 9-10 y

6 . There is no explicitly stated hypothesis but it is implied that

H1 : There is a relationship between physical activity and intensity to fitness and fatness in children

7 . IV1 : Fatness (measured by Body Mass Index and Skinfold thickness through the Harpenden calliper

IV2 : Fitness (measured by cycle-ergometer test and telemetry

DV1 : activity monitor

8 . All measurements are done twice in rotation and the mean is calculated . If there is a discrepancy of 2 mm between the two measurements a third test will be conducted wherein the average of two closest measurements were obtained

V1 : Body fat : The sum of 5 skinfold thickness was used to measure it

V2 : Heart rate : measured through beats /min . The workload of the subject increased every three minutes until he or she reached exhaustion

V3 : Power output : calculated as W1 (W2 x t / 180

V4 : Cardiovascular fitness : conveyed as the maximal power output per kilogram (W /kg

V5 : activity was expressed as the daily registered time (counts /min . It is measured for four consecutive days , for 2 weekdays and at least 1 weekend a day through the used of an activity monitor . The 9 . Research Design and Schema

Post-Test Research Design

10 . Sample Selection and Size

It is a cross-sectional study that involved Swedish (n 413 ) and Estonian (n 367 ) children . The participants are part of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS

11 . Demographics

Mean Age : 9 - 10 years old

Gender : Boys and Girls (percentage is not specified

12 . Statistical Tests

The data are presented as means SDs

The differences in the countries of the subjects were analyzed through the ANOVA wherein the boys are separated from the girls

Standard multiple regressions are utilized to identify the degree of the variance of CVF and body fat

The age of the subjects has an important part because it was used in all statistical analyses

either CVF or body fat were used in the analyses

13 . Significant Findings

ANOVA showed that

Estonian boys had a lower sum of 5 skindfold thicknesses and lower and vigorous PA than did the Swedish boys

Estonian girls had a lower sum of 5 skinfold thicknesses and lower BMI and vigorous PA than did the Swedish girls

Girls substantially had lower CVF than boys and higher body fat

Girls spent significantly fewer minutes per day in PA , and MVPA than boys

14 . Clinical Significance

There is a significant association between activity group...