Paper Topic:
criminology
1 . Despite various shortcomings the Uniform Crime Report are an important data source . The Uniform Crime Report 's data is easily accessible and relatively inexpensive to obtain . The collaborative effort between the FBI and local , county and state law enforcement agencies minimizes redundancy or an overlap in reports . Also the data offer nationwide crime statistics , which allow for city and regional comparisons . The comparisons are facilitated by the uniform guidelines and definitions provided by the FBI 's Uniform crime reporting handbook It then becomes possible to compare the relative safety of these
two communities as well as to evaluate the performance of the police agencies in solving and preventing crime . It also responds to political and societal pressures to record additional information about new developments . Another advantage of the report is that the statistics have been collected and stored since 1930 . An obvious shortcoming of the Uniform Crime Report Crime Index is its emphasis upon conventional street crimes and its exclusion of other serious crime . The definition of serious crime deflects attention from such illegal acts as corporate violence , political crime and computer fraud . Another is that it can be a tool for political manipulation and several problems also arise from recording practices and how crimes are counted . Crime rates also can be misleading . The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS ) had been heralded as the solution to the crime measurement issues , but it also proved far from a perfect enumeration of crime . The national probability sample of residences allows for comparisons with the UCR data collected by the FBI and this comparability has been one of the primary uses of the NCVS . Another major advantage is that a lot of information is collected about relatively few crimes . Problems include those common to self report studies , such as falsification , validity and sampling . Some methodological issues have been raised concerning the recording practices . As like the UCR problems with how the data is collected (Brown , Esbensen Geis , 2004
2 . The focus of the routine activities perspective on the lifestyle choices of potential victims is especially evident in the guardianship concept . Guardianship refers to the extent to which people place themselves at risk of being victimized . Given that much of routine activities research has focused on the role of the victim some questions you might ask yourself from this perspective would scrutinize you habits . Taking steps to minimize risk of your property being stolen by attending such mechanical details is referred to as target hardening The risk of victimization has been found to vary substantially across both categories of crime and people . Criminologists have examined the routines of offenders with the idea that this may help to explain patterns of offending , just as lifestyle activities of potential victims might identify victimization risk levels . The interaction of the suitable targets , capable guardians and offenders is all equally important to determine factors in crime and victimization . A situation that would be a perfect environment for criminal activity would be the Amish . They are depicted as...
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