criminal justice design

p Criminal Justice Punishing a criminal has been implemented from the time immemorial and since the human civilization started . In the preliminary stage , severe punishments were imposed for civil offences . There was no mercy . The punishments were imposed by the whims and wills of the kings . A single theory cannot explain the various types of criminality and the related legal issues . Therefore the modern study of crime favors an interdisciplinary view to find out the relationship between various fields of study . For example Biological theories of crime is having a stress

over the factors such as physiological , biochemical , and genitical factors , however they regards the broad span of social or environmental factors (Crime Causation : The Field - Bibliography .Similarly sociologists also refer the significance of psychological , biological , and related theories of crime . Therefore the modern scenario is encouraging an integrative approach of crime causation . Several efforts are made by governments to reduce crime and to maintain criminal justice . Through the system of criminal justice the governments are enabled to control crime and to sanction those who violate law , with criminal penalties . The primary agencies entrusted with the responsibility of law enforcement are the police , prosecutors courts , defence attorneys , and local jails and prisons . With the aim of reducing or eliminating the risk of individual criminal participation the initiative or policy of crime prevention is followed . Such policy includes government and community based programs designed for reducing the incidents of risk factors correlated with criminal participation

As per the functionalist theory of crime...