conceptual model

The Precede-Proceed Model

The Precede-Proceed model is a model of behavior change that is commonly used in health promotions projects (Green and Krueter , 1999 The model was developed by Lawrence Green Marshall Kreuter and is now widely accepted as the 'gold standard ' for designing , implementing and evaluating micro and macro level preventive interventions , the goal of which is to systematically reduce the occurrence of conditions that compromise well-being (Myers , 2003

For decades , practitioners in various professions have struggled to organize their planning , delivery and evaluation of health or educational programs

. In to address this problem , the Precede model was created . The Precede-Proceed model that is known today started only as a single Precede model . The Precede model was developed around 1968 to 1974 while Proceed was only added in the late 1980 's . The Precede is a model for the process of systematic development and evaluation of health education programs . An appropriate health education is considered to be the intervention (treatment ) for a properly diagnosed problem in a target population . It considered a multidimensional model that is founded in the behavioral /social sciences , epidemiology , administration and education (Green and Krueter 1991 . In the late 1980s , the Proceed was added to the model . It was founded on L . Green 's experience with Marshall Krueter in various positions with the Kaiser Family Foundation and the federal government It was added to the framework in acknowledgment of the growing need for health promotion interventions that go beyond traditional educational approaches to changing detrimental behaviors . The main purpose of the Precede-Proceed model is to focus primary attention to results rather than inputs (Green and Krueter , 1991

PRECEDE is an acronym for Predisposing , Reinforcing , Enabling , Causes in , Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation . This stage is divided into 5 phases

Phase 1 - Social Diagnosis

Phase 2 - Epidemiological Diagnosis

Phase 3 - Behavioral Environmental Diagnosis

Phase 4 - Education Organizational Diagnosis

Phase 5 - Administrative Policy Diagnosis

The first phase focuses on the assessment of social problems which affect the quality of life in a community . In the second phase , an examination of the health issues that affect the quality of life is conducted . Then in phase 3 , health practices related to behavior and the lifestyle are examined . Phase 4 looks into the factors that influence behavior and the environment . Finally , phase 5 identifies the administrative and organizational concerns which must be addressed prior to program implementation are examined (Green and Krueter , 1991

The Proceed is the second stage of the model . PROCEED is an acronym for Policy , Regulatory , Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development . It is divided into 4 phases

Phase 6 - Implementation

Phase 7 - Process Evaluation

Phase 8 - Impact Evaluation

Phase 9 - Outcome Evaluation

Among the important concepts within the model are two principles on which the whole planning process is grounded . The first principle is the principle of participation . It states that success in achieving change is enhanced by the active participation of members of the target audience in defining their own high-priority problems and goals...