How closely have globalisation features become linked to the aims, grievances or methods of a diverse range of New Social Movements?

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How closely have globalizations features become linked to the aims grievances or methods of a diverse range of New Social Movements ? [ ?]

The concept of `new social movements ' has always had entrenched within it a postulation of progressive potential . Beyond the fact that numerous of those who sought to theories new social movements were themselves activists in those movements , there are two reasons for this : firstly what might be termed the `structural derivation ' of new social movements and , secondly , what were seen

as their inner and defining descriptive characteristics

Structural derivations of new social movements were entrenched in analyses which claimed that there had been a qualitative or epochal structural shift in the nature of the advanced western societies : from industrial to post-industrial , capitalist to late capitalist , or - most recently - modern to post-modern . New social movements were then typically viewed `as responses to and agents of essential social change (Scott 1992 :139 . `Old ' social movements - typically a euphemism for workers ' movements - were similarly linked with the `old ' epoch . So despite the fact that most theorists of new social movements disdained the structural determinism and teleological view of historical development linked with classical Marxism , the `stagist ' element of such views was not entirely abandoned . In that sense , new social movements can be seen as progressive simply in terms of the processes of historical development . Though there were variations in such approaches one of these - mostly obviously associated with the work of Touraine (1981 , 1987 ) - was `post-Marxist ' in the specific sense that new social movements were seen as the prospective transformative agent of the new epoch , taking the place that the working class occupied in the old . It is worth noting that these `structural ' analyses - developed for the most part in the 1970s - pre-dated the current debates concerning globalization and were originally formulated exclusively within the context of contemporaneous developments in the advanced western societies

Since the early eighties , globalization ' has become a key word for organizing our thoughts as to how the world works . The term globalization and all its linked baggage exact a severe political price But before we reject it or abandon it entirely , it is constructive to take a good hard look at what it incorporates and what we can learn theoretically and politically , from the brief history of its use

Globalization ' as a process rather than as a political-economic state that has recently come into being . To view it this way is not to assume that the process is constant nor does it rule out saying that the process has , for example , entered into a radically new stage or worked itself out to a particular or even final ' state . But a process-based definition makes us focus on how globalization has occurred and is occurring

Certainly from 1492 onwards and even before , the globalization progression of capitalism was well under way . And it has never ceased to be of thoughtful importance to capitalism 's dynamic . Globalization has consequently , been integral...