bline personality dis

Bline Personality Dis

Introduction

Bline personality dis or BPD is a mental illness which is characterized by pervasive instability in moods , interpersonal relationships , self-image , and behavior and often disrupts family and work life , long-term planning , and the individual 's sense of self-identity (Bline Personality Dis , NIMH . Historically , it has been given a clinical picture between psychosis and neurosis . This term is seldom used for adolescents because those under 18 years have ongoing developmental changes . However , it is appropriate to diagnose this condition in those under the age of 18 if

the nature of symptoms is pervasive and persistent and not related to developmental changes (Lubit , 2008 . In children , BPD is diagnosed based on the presence of a combination of externalizing symptoms and internalizing symptoms . The externalizing symptoms include disruptive behavioral problems and the internalizing symptoms include those of mood and anxiety (Lubit , 2008

According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Diss Fourth Edition , Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR , BPD in adolescents is diagnosed when "maladaptive traits have been present for at least 1 year , are persistent and all-encompassing , and are not likely to be limited to a developmental stage or an episode of an Axis I dis (Muscari , 2005

Pathophysiology

The exact pathophysiology is not known . But it has been noted that those with BPD also may have other mental and neurologic problems like learning diss , attention deficit hyperactivity dis , soft neurologic signs , features of frontal lobe dysfunction and abnormal EEG findings (Lubit , 2008 . It has been proposed that several factors contribute to the development of BPD and these include organic psychosocial and environmental . These patients have constitutional incapacity to tolerate stress and inability to regulate their affect (Lubit , 2008 . Family environmental factors which can predispose to BPD are trauma , child neglect , parent separation , sexual abuse , physical abuse and presence of serious parental psychopathology , such as substance abuse and antisocial personality dis (Lubit , 2008

Morbidity and mortality

Suicidal tendencies are more in this group of people , leading to premature death . BPD is associated with many comorbid conditions like dysthymia , major depression , psychoactive substance abuse , psychotic diss , mood diss , anxiety , eating diss , and somatoform diss (Lubit , 2008

Demographics

BPD is four times more common in females . It usually presents in late adolescence . No prediliction to any race has been noted (Lubit 2008

Clinical features

In children , BPD may present as fluctuations in ego states primitive regressions of deep levels , disturbed interpersonal relationships , and severe anxiety (Lubit , 2008 . The children are not able to receive comfort from others . They exhibit withdrawal of libido from the object world (Lubit , 2008 . Adolescents with BPD may have major ego function problems or problems with central aspects of object relationships . They have disturbed thinking patterns and always seem to be in crisis (Muscari , 2005 . Adults are not able to adequately soothe themselves . They are over-emotional and adapt maladaptive attempts at self-soothing (Lubit , 2008 . They attempt to fulfill their needs by means of suicide threats , self-harm , and angry behavior . The patient may also symptoms such as overwhelming anger...