biology

Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Cord

Understand how bends and flexures have allowed the telencephalon to grow and enlarge to such a great extent in humans

What two very large structures make up the telencephalon

The two structures are the Cerebral Cortex and Basal Ganglia

How does the location of gray matter vs . white matter change as one moves from the spinal cord to the brain

White matter is found mostly on the spinal cord and the lower part of the brain . Gray matter is profound in the main structure of the

brain

What is gray matter

Gray matter is a closely packed cell body called neuron

What is white matter

White matter is a neuronal tissue that contains long nerve cells called axons

What are Tracts

Tracts are composed of nerve axons that connect the spinal cord to the cerebral cortex of the brain , and function as information carrier from and to the cerebellum

Lobes ? Nuclei ? Gyrus (gyri ? Sulcus (sulci ? Fissure

Lobes are the structural divisions of the telencephalon

Nucleus is located at the center of a neuron that controls involuntary functions of the muscles

The cerebral cortex are made up of folded lumps or bulges called gyri These gyri form deep grooves or furrows called sulci or fissures

Know the four ventricles and the labeled portions that are boxed

What is the central sulcus ? longitudinal fissure ? What are the five brain lobes (be able to label

The central sulcus (or Fissure of Rolando ) is the large furrow separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

The longitudinal fissure is the groove separating the left and the right hemispheres of the brain

The five brain lobes are : Frontal lobe , Parietal Lobe , Occipital lobe Temporal lobe , and Limbic Lobe Who was Phinneus Gage

He was a railroad who had survived a fatal brain injury

What happened to him and why is he important

He had an accident that caused a traumatic brain damage . An instrument pierced through his face and his head that destroyed at least one of his frontal lobes . This accident played a vital role in the advancement of the knowledge of the localization of brain functions

What is located within the precentral gyrus

The primary motor cortex (premotor cortex ) responsible for executing body movements is located in the precentral gyrus

What are pyrimadal cells and tracts and what do they control

Pyramidal cells are neurons found in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus . Pyramidal tracts are the collection of nerve structures (motor axons ) that passes through the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord . They control sensorimotor functions of the brain

What is the motor cortex homunculus , what does it represent and what are the proportions of the homunculus and why

The motor cortex homunculus is the disproportionate map of the body in the brain . It represents the portion of the motor cortex dedicated to every human body part . Body parts that have simpler movements occupy less cortical space , while other parts with complex repertories of movement , like our...