World History to 1500

Chapter 13

Justinian Code : Known as the Corpus Juris Civilis , it was the most comprehensive code

of Roman law and foundation of modern civil law . Compiled on the of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I , the first three parts of the code appeared between 529 and 535 , and were completed by a commission of 17 jurists under the direction of the eminent jurist Tribonian . The Corpus Juris was an attempt to systematize Roman law , and the resulting work was more comprehensive and thorough than any previous work of that nature , including the Theodosian

Code

In followed : the Institutes , which is a general introduction and survey of the entire field of Roman Law the Digest or Pandects , which is considered the most important part , is intended for practitioners and judges , and contains the law in concrete form as well as selections from 39 noted classical jurists the Codex or Code , a collection of imperial legislation since the time of Hadrian and the Novels or Novellae , which are compilations of later imperial legislation issued from 535 to 565 but never officially collected

Iconoclasm : It is defined as being the destruction of religious images In Christianity and

Islam , the destruction of religious images was based on the fact that the Law of Moses prohibited the making of graven images . In the early years of Christianity , the Law of Moses concerning religious images was adhered to yet by the end of the 6th century , they were a part of Christian worship . In 726 , opposition to religious images led to the outbreak of the Iconoclastic Controversy . This controversy lasted for a century in the Eastern Church before religious images were accepted again . Religious imaged remained part of the Western Church , but there were some sects - mainly Protestant - that rejected them . Islam maintains their ban on religious images , and the issue of iconoclasm has played a role in many conflicts between Muslims and Hindus in India

Great Schism : a term that can be used to refer to the 1054 break between the Eastern and

Western churches , and to the papal schism which occurred from 1378-1417 The 1054 schism was the result of an extended period of difficulty between Latin and Greek Christendom over various issues , but particularly over disputes concerning papal authority . The papal schism resulted when three popes - Urban VI , Clement VII , and Alexander V - were all elected . From 1378-1409 , the first two were in power , with Urban VI ruling from Rome and Clement VII ruling from Avignon . The final pope was elected in 1409 , with the goal of trying to restore However , it only led to three popes being in power . It was not until 1417 that was actually restored with the election of Martin V

Kiev : Located along the Dneiper River , it is one of the oldest towns in Northern Europe

It existed as early as the 5th century , serving as a commercial center on the great trade route going to Constantinople . It was also a tributary to the Khazars when the...