Why there is pain and suffering in the animal world?

Running Head : PAIN AND SUFFERING IN THE ANIMAL WORLD

Pain And Suffering In The Animal World

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Pain And Suffering In The Animal World

Introduction

William Buckland , who composed one of the nine Bridgewater Treatises argues the most critical issue of natural science : if God is compassionate and his creation demonstrates his "authority , insight and righteousness " then for what reason , pain , suffering , and seemingly pointless cruelty surround us in the animal world

In the past , efforts at refinement were focused primarily on

reducing animal pain and suffering . Recent legislation reflects a broader view of refinement as the common welfare of the animals . The Laboratory Animal Welfare Act , as amended in 1985 in Public Law 99-198 , and the revised 1991 regulations stress to train the animal-care personnel for supplying soothe , better husbandry and housing , and gentle handling . They require environmental enrichment for primates . Engineering standards specify certain cage size and structure requirements for animal well-being Performance standards focus on the functional and mental state of the animals , as indicated by their behavioral repertoires and stress indicators

Understanding the place of cognition in animals relates to their moral standing and the ways in which humans might best conduct themselves in relationship to them . In one commonly held point of view , it is supposed that provided an entity does not consider itself as an individual or able to feel and reflect on its experiences such as pain and suffering what have happened to it does not matter ethically . Therefore , an understanding of the cognitive abilities of animals helps to inform the arguments used to justify either including or excluding animals from the protection offered by moral standing

The strongest reason for the return of talk about animal mind has been moral . Since the 1960s , society has grown increasingly concerned about animal treatment in the areas of scientific research , agriculture , and toxicity testing , and with that concern has come a social emphasis on issues of animal pain , suffering , fear , loneliness , boredom and anxiety which has in turn forced science to reckon with these notions . For example , federal law passed in 1985 compels researchers to control "animal pain and distress " Researchers have thus been led to bring ordinary common sense about animal thought and feeling into science . New approaches in fields like cognitive ethology and studies in primate language and animal deception are also leading science back to the Darwinian approach to animal mind and to the use of ordinary common sense

In 1985 , a modification to the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act was included in the Farm Bill and signed into law . This modification was then known as the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act (Public Law 99-189 . It requests researchers , involved in biomedical research on animals , to make an attempt to lessen pain and distress that animals face during the test . Additionally , the researchers are requested to check the availability of substitute methods . Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC ) in 1986 was set up after this modification

Behaviorism...