The need for a Universal Healthcare Program

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UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE PROGRAM

In recent times the spending on health care has been rising at a very fast rate in the US . It has been reported that this expenditure rose at a higher rate than the inflation rate in 2005 . This rise was about 7 and the trillion dollars . This amount of sum is about one sixth of the of the US . It has been reported that at this rate the spending on health care would reach 20 of the GDP by 2015 (Fletcher , 188

p It can be stated that there is a serious issue on the parameters of the costs of health insurance of the employee and the employer . The premium of the employer rose about 8 where as that of the employee rose about 9 during the 2006 . During the same time frame the firms that consist of 24 or lower employees had to pay premium at a rate of about 10 . On an individual ground it could be estimated that a worker is paying about 1100 more than he was paying for health insurance back in 2000 for a family coverage . Thus it could be said that since 2000 the increase has been scaled to about a 90 higher rate . Thus it can easily be understood the level of difficulty that a worker goes through while paying the annual premium

As a result it becomes the responsibility of the policy makers to act on the issue and prevent the speedy rise of insurance premium for the benefit of the general mass . It is true that health care policies have tremendous advantages on well being but is this is the price that a common US citizen is paying at the moment then it would be very difficult to ascertain whether to carry on with such policies or just scrap it . For a policy maker it becomes important to enforce a schedule that would let the less earning members of the community to have breathing space by providing them health policies with lower premium margins (Lamb , 243-245

Another important issue in this context is the rising problems of the health care premiums in parameters of medical benefits are the matter of spending related to national health care . It has been reported that at the current rate the spending would cover 5 trillion mark by 2015 . As it is the about 4 times the expenditure of the defense mechanism . But even then the entire amount of US citizens is unable to be covered under the health insurance policy schemes . It has been reported that about 50 million individuals are beyond the parameters of the health policies

This is a serious problem for nation that is already spending more than any other nations in the world on health care premiums . Thus to bridge this gap it is necessary for the policy makers to intervene in the issue and solve the problem by asserting and bargaining the insurance companies to render for these uncovered individuals with easy plans of premium structures (Kar , 145

Additionally , it should also be seen that the basic problems of health insurance and its premium structures relating to fraud , wastage inappropriate care and poor management dealt in a professional manner with specialist personnel at suitable posts . This would ensure the smooth operation procedures and thus would save a good amount of time and cost which would be used for lowering the premium cost and covering the individuals who are yet to be benefited (King , 126

It could well be stated that there are a number of problems arising lately due to the unprecedented rise of the health care premiums . And personalities like Dos states that it has been seen that recently people are reluctant to be covered due to high rates of premium and it has also been established that the health insurance coverage are unable to negate with the costs of health care . It was also found that about 255 of the US citizens are badly affected by medical expenses to the point that their life style had been changed due to that and it is no secret that more than 80 of the clients of health insurance are extremely dissatisfied with the health care premiums and feels that government must address these issues . Thus for the moment it is important to control the costs of health insurance premiums by the means of budgetary controls of premium costs . The other method could have been a price control but that would be a very long termed operation and heath is a significantly urgent issue to be addressed and solved and Dos is in favor of that move but he opposes any move that give rise to any Universal healthcare program because that would be very costly for the nation . He believes in financial negotiation with the companies instead with the help of the Federal Authority (Dos , 441-442

However , there is a substantial opposition relating to this issue . It is argued that healthcare crisis in the United States is cutting people short of their lives , and proper care they deserve . The Universal healthcare program will make it so that millions of underinsured or uninsured Americans can be covered under a single-payer program . The current private health insurance that is available is too costly and Americans are unable to obtain pricey prescriptions , and medical treatment they need (Provided by the student

According to Creek Literally , prevention is better than cure Universal healthcare program Policies will provide widespread research and development the mechanisms for ensuring Public Health . Uninsured Americans suffer a lot due to lack of sufficient and adequate Health care and lack of exposure to prevention services . Medical crisis occur due to the failure to seek the necessary medical care . Emergency hospitalizations are common cases due to conditions like Diabetes Insurance companies need to be given subsides by the Government so that they can cover all cases of illness to some patients due to the terminal nature of their illness with the help of a well formulated Universal healthcare program Policies . He believes that every citizen of America either a residents or non-resident should be able to access medical attention at any time of the day . Funds will be provided by our Government to research on the various causes of terminal illness diseases and the Ministry of Health will be able to offer preventive medication to all people whether insured or not through the intervention of the proposed Universal healthcare program Policies

Creek also argues that some diseases , especially life-threatening illness may need more curative measures and prevention may not be applicable . The government should be ready to pass bills that will enable administration of preventive medication for all cases . The Health Ministry can avoid further occurrence of diseases that may not be prevented from affecting people with the help of Universal healthcare program Policies . The case of HIV Aids will be on focus and citizens need to be educated on abstinence , being faithful and the use of condoms . Americans need more democrat senators to provide adequate Public Health on Health care reform through the Universal healthcare programs (Creek , 166-70

Similarly , Dollard argues , in accordance to Titmus , that it should be remembered that Social division of welfare is a concept coined by R Titmuss in his book Essays on the Welfare state . The concept of welfare is based on an idea of redistribution under which the concept of Universal healthcare programs fits in quite well enough . Dollard argues that the measure is redistributive if the people who receive the goods or services from the measure are not as the same as the people as who pay . This is turn is informed by a certain notion of inequality . There are usually three patterns of inequality . The first is hierarchical inequality . This stretches from the top to the bottom with everyone ranked in a relative position . There are 3 main divisions in accordance to Titmus

1 . Welfare of social cause (the social services

2 . Welfare in accordance to financial format where the fund is distributed by the help of the tax system and

3 . Welfare related to Occupational causes where the industry is instrumental in the distribution of welfare through the help of employment

The basic concept in this case is to help in the aspect of

a ) Drawing attention in terms of redistribution under various patterns

b ) Use various methods of redistribution chiefly with the help of benefits and taxes

c ) To broaden the scope of social policy as a subject and the Universal healthcare programs , according to Dos , should be backed by such policies (Dollard , 336-39

In this context it would be relevant to mention that Jurgen Habermas work on universal realistic approach reveals a rational reconstruction of philosophical methods . Here the fundamentals of the concept are based on speech acts . Thus it reveals itself as a contrast to the general application of linguistics and incline towards a specialization that involves sentence utterance . This is further modified into special subsections like phonemes , morphemes and words

Jurgen Habermas ' work on deliberative democracy reveals that a system of political agenda that is based on a political decision that function as a trade off with any other medium of communicative format . Under this usage of the phrase or definition it is in the opposite pole of the democracy that is economy based . However this form if completely representative and decision oriented in the conscious level . Here the democracy is not formed on the fundamentals of voting but relies on the authority that is instrumental in making laws that is authorized by the deliberate consent of its prime members . This again , like Dollard and Creek , is a justification of the Universal healthcare programs formulation

However , it should be noted that the social theory Jurgen Habermas is based on the synthesis of a number of bygone theoretical formulations that starts with the thought process of the neo-Kantian philosophers with a rich tradition of American pragmatist approach that reminds us of the works of Niklas Luhmann , Talcott Parsons , John Dewey and Sanders Peirce

He also incorporated in the theory the essence of Lawrence Kohlberg and Jean Piaget 's developmental psychology along with speech act and linguistic philosophy developed by John Searle , Stephen Toulmin ,

. F Strawson , J .L . Austin and Ludwig Wittgenstein . Furthermore , his work involved the George Herbert Mead , Ymile Durkheim and Max Weber 's sociological theory along with the Frankfurt school ideology of Marxian theory put forward by Herbert Marcuse , Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer . Jurgen Habermas also believed in the general theories of Karl Marx as fundamental thought process . Apart from these eminent names he was deeply influenced by the works of German philosophers like Hans-Georg Gadamer , Edmund Husserl , Wilhelm Dilthey , Georg Hegel , and Friedrich Schelling and over all Immanuel Kant

However , the principle underlay the development and justification of the modern welfare state - thus the Universal healthcare program formulation is still founded upon the idea that the distribution of medical resources should be determined by medical need , not by ability to pay One source of the power of the needs principle lies in the fact that it appears to be both a principle of justice and a principle of community or social solidarity . As a principle of justice it is offered as a corrective to the particular forms of unequal distributions of goods that can result from market transactions , and as a principle of community or social solidarity as a corrective to the possessive individualism taken to be the corollary of a market and Universal healthcare programs formulation cannot be out of this parameter

In conclusion it can well be stated that crisis in western capitalism generated the operation of an interventionist welfare state has been resolved by transferring the burden of crisis to some groups among welfare state consumers , as earlier discussion of the realignment of welfare policy in accordance to Universal healthcare programs formulation . This shift to a theoretical model whereby the welfare state is seen as in process of `modernization ' or as in `transition ' may well have supplanted earlier crisis theory at a time when the real crisis for the welfare state , in the case of Universal healthcare program formulation at least , may finally arrived

Works Cited

Creek , A , C The aspects of National Health (National Book Trust 2006 )Dos , M Future of Thought Process in Financial History (Alliance Publications 2005

Dollard , John Modern Health Policies in the US : A look into Tomorrow (New Haven and London : Yale University Press . 2006

Fletcher , R Beliefs and Knowledge : Believing and Knowing (Howard Price . 2006

Kar ,

History of Health Insurance and related applications (Dasgupta Chatterjee 2005

King , H Fiscal Fitness Today (HBT Brooks Ltd . 2005

Lamb , Davis Cult to Culture : The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata (National Book Trust . 2006

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