Ultimate and Proximate analysis of diffrent fuel types by solar energy

(1 ) Study levels of photosynthesis active radiation (PAR ) in Winnipeg and Vancouver

Photosynthetic organism such as algae , transform visible light in the 400-700 nm part of the spectrum -called photosynthesis active radiation (PAR )-into the chemical energy of carbon containing compounds PAR levels vary with latitude , longitude , seasonality and geographical factors . An excellent resource for mean annual PAR levels is read PAR levels from PAR maps . For purpose of producing bio fuels in our study we need to know PAR levels in Winnipeg and Vancouver

In Winnipeg

Determined Winnipeg is

on Lat 49 .81 N and Long . Is 97 .13 W , and the reading PAR levels for each month separately in one year , these values was showed in table (1

Calculation from Satellite pictures WINNIPEG PAR (W /M^2 ) X (m (x-Xm (x-Xm )^2 ) sigma

JAN 15 66 .667 -51 .667 2669 .444 14 .399

FEB 25 66 .667 -41 .667 1736 .111 14 .399

MARCH 45 66 .667 -21 .667 469 .444 14 .399

APRIL 55 66 .667 -11 .667 136 .111 14 .399

MAY 145 66 .667 78 .333 6136 .111 14 .399

JUNE 145 66 .667 78 .333 6136 .111 14 .399

JULY 95 66 .667 28 .333 802 .778 14 .399

AUGUST 115 66 .667 48 .333 2336 .111 14 .399

SEPT 95 66 .667 28 .333 802 .778 14 .399

OCT 25 66 .667 -41 .667 1736 .111 14 .399

NOV 15 66 .667 -51 .667 2669 .444 14 .399

DEC 25 66 .667 -41 .667 1736 .111 14 .399

800

27366 .67

Table (1 ) Annual Levels of PAR from PAR maps for Winnipeg

PAR values for each month showed in different colors . For each color had different value of PAR . In table (1 ) showed PAR (max 145 W /m^2 and PAR (min 15 W /m^2

References

1 . Ret screen data / Vancouver

2 . Solar heat , Dr . Bibeau /2008

3 . Case study for industrial photosynthetic energy capture by Dimitrov /2007

4 . PAR MAP (a-1 ) Error calculation

The margin of error is usually defined as the radius of confidence interval for a particular statistic from a sample . Read the following values from table (1

PAR (MAX 145 w /m^2

PAR (MIN 15 w /m^2

N 12 (Xk /n . [1-1]

PAR (mean 66 .67 W /m^2

Sigma (Variance SQRT (Xi-X (m ) ^2 (N (N-1 . [1-2]

Sigma 14 .399 W /m^2

Concluded PAR for city of Winnipeg is 66 .67 - ) 14 .399

Vancouver

Determined Winnipeg is on Lat 49 .16 N and long is 123 .07 W , and the reading PAR levels for each month separately in one year , these values were showed in table (2

VANCOUVER PAR (W /M^2 ) Xm X-Xm (X-Xm )^2 sigma

JAN 25 .000 66 .667 -41 .667 1736 .111 14 .080

FEB 25 .000 66 .667 -41 .667 1736 .111 14 .080

MARCH 55 .000 66 .667 -11 .667 136 .111 14 .080

APRIL 55 .000 66 .667 -11 .667 136 .111 14 .080

MAY 125 .000 66 .667 58 .333 3402 .778 14...