The Treaty of Fort Laramie and what it guarantee the Native Americans

The Treaty of Fort Laramie and the Struggle for the Black Hills

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In 1979 , the Dakota , Lakota and Nakota Indians - known collectively as the Sioux , was awarded a cash award by the United States Court of Claims the amount of more 100 million as compensation for their losses resulting from broken treaties during the middle of the nineteenth century . These treaties include the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1851 and 1868 (Viegas 4

The First Treaty of Fort Laramie was entered into

by the Sioux Cheyenne , Arapaho , Crow , Shoshone , Assiniboine , Mandan , Hidatsa , and Arikara nations with the United States in September 17 , 1851 (Fort Laramie (1851 . The affair was well attended , about twenty-five thousand of the Indians are now there , and though their condition is that of exposure and destitution , the Chiefs of the Cheyenne and Arrapahoes exhibit their tradionary independence and insist that their buffalo herding grounds must be conceded to them , or they will not stipulate for peace (Later from Fort Laramie , 1851 . The US promised control of their land comprising the territory of the Great Sioux Nation (Olson-Raymer 2 ) in exchange for safe passage for settlers in the Oregon Trail and annuity of fifty thousand dollars for 50 years . While the treaty brought a brief period of peace , not all tribes were able to receive the promised payments

From 1866 to 1868 , a conflict called Red Cloud 's War (or The Bozeman War , because it occurred along the Bozeman Trail , arose from the dispute on the control of the Powder River Country along Bozeman Trail the main access point to the Montana gold fields (Black Hills War . In 1864 , John M . Bozeman succeeded in bringing freight train through a feasible route across virgin Indian country north of the Oregon trail to the Montana gold fields (Haper Simms 109 . While this became a favorite route for accessing the Montana gold fields , the Sioux Indians were hostile to the white men and wanted to keep them out of the their territory . This led to official protection from the US government , and a treaty for safe passage along the Bozeman Trail was negotiated with the Sioux . However , this did not materialize and one of the Sioux Chiefs Red Cloud continued the hostilities (Red Cloud 's War . This treaty at Fort Laramie was only forged when the Federal soldiers abandoned military posts along the Powder River Country

The signatories to the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868 included the Lakota Nation , the Yanktonai Sioux , Santee Sioux , and Arapaho . The provisions of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868 provided for the rights of the Sioux , Cheyenne , and Arapaho to the Black Hills , a mountain range extending in South Dakota to Wyoming . It also guaranteed that the federal government will abandon Bozeman Trail and closure of land and hunting rights in South Dakota , Wyoming and Montana to all whites and this subsequently became known as the Great Sioux Reservation (Olson-Raymer 3 . This also included...