Transplantation immunology

Running head : TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY

Transplantation Immunology

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Transplantation Immunology

One of the major developments in the field of medicine is organ transplantation which gives the recipient the capacity to continue living without the problems brought about by the organ with disease or malfunction . Though the procedure has significant benefits to the patient , it is also accompanied by complexities that need to be considered prior to the operation . Among these complexities is the innate reaction of the

immune system to reject the transplanted organ that is not part of the patient 's body

The organ which is transplanted to a recipient is not part of his or her innate body system thus the recipient 's immune system will react with the transplanted organ ADDIN EN .CITE Koch7Koch , C Platt , JNatural mechanisms for evading graft rejection : the fetus as an allograftSpringer Seminars ImmunologySpringer Seminars Immunology (Koch , 2003 . Cells of the immune system play an important role in the recognition of the cells of transplanted organ as not native to the recipient 's body leading to the mounting of an immune response against the organ . The immune system of the recipient of a transplanted organ recognizes the unfamiliar antigens that are present in the cells of the transplanted organ so it mounts an immune response against that antigens and these leads to the organ rejection by the host 's body ADDIN EN .CITE Ghaffar66617 Ghaffar , AbdulMHC genetics and role in transplantation http /pathmicro .med .sc .edu /2007-immpdf /0714MHC_ho .pdf (Ghaffar . Full understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in organ transplantation can minimize the cases of transplanted organ rejection

There are three types of organ rejection and these are : hyper acute rejection occurs immediately after the transplant acute rejection that happens any time and chronic rejection that is a progressive refusal of the transplanted organ . In hyper-acute rejection there is an instantaneous reaction between the antibodies and the complement component of the immune system . Chronic rejection on the other hand is the most complex reaction of the immune system to the transplanted organ or tissue . Fibrosis , vasculopathy , and gradual loss of organ function are the distinguishing features of this type of tissue or organ transplant rejection ADDIN EN .CITE Duquesnoy2 Duquesnoy , Rene J .Introduction to Transplantation Immunology2007November 232005University of Pittsburghhttp /tpis .upmc .edu /tpis /immuno /introT1 .html (Duquesnoy , 2005

The mounting of immune system response against the transplanted organ is a complex mechanism that involves various immune cells and pathway . The difference in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC ) between the donor and the recipient of the organ results in the creation of an immune response . The T lymphocytes of the recipient recognize the foreign MHC of the donated organ which serves as the catalyst for the immune response . The organ recipient 's immune response to the transplanted organ can be through the two mechanisms direct or indirect The mechanism in which the T lymphocytes recognize unprocessed MHC in the surface of...