Terrorism in the Modern World

Terrorism in the Modern World

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March 3 , 2007

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TOC \o "1-3 " \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l "_Toc1 " Terrorism in the Modern World PAGEREF _Toc1 \h 3

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc2 " Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc2 \h 10

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc4 " Endnotes PAGEREF _Toc4 \h 11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc5 " Work Cited PAGEREF _Toc5 \h 12 Terrorism in the Modern World

A preacher once said , When we are too focused , we are blinded

by the injustice of our decisions and the impact of our actions . We become blind to the sufferings of the people and the wide spread of poverty among us

When we are too focused , we are not able to see beyond the sphere or we are opaque to the reality . We prefer to settle on the crumbs on our table without the creativity to seek for the real meal

Koistinen , the author of Arsenal of World War II , claims that privatization of the state military is not only inducing corruption but also deteriorating national security

The engagement of industry and civilian parties in the military causes the elimination of the traditional functions and roles of the military They are the insurance for national security

Before discussion terrorism in the modern world , it may be good to discuss the roles and functions of the traditional military . As a guaranteed insurance to national security , the traditional functions and roles of the military are national security , research and development (associated with national security , provision of goods and services which the market cannot supply , and building the state through the establishment of civilian governance

However , marketization has caused the military to loose its status quo while its roles and functions have been privatized . Everything in the market is valued by each dollar it adds to revenue or profits . So is the case of the marketization of the state military . In business term , every dollar spend is measured by 1000 times profit anticipated

If you ask the youths or the adults today , What are the functions of the military ' Their response would be For war . they are bred for war ' War is a business and it should be created in to generate profit . If there is no car to take you from one place to another , create one and make money . If there is no war , create one so you can make money . Unfortunately , the money comes from the public whose majority is either arrogance or ignorance . The word terrorism ' or terrorists seems like a foreign language to the world population

After the incident of the September 11 , 2000 , terrorists ' were blamed as the master minded actors in this tragedy , especially Osama Bin Ladin The terrorism ' is becoming more and more familiar and is getting to become popular and more popular

The word terrorism ' itself means , according to Random House Webster 's dictionary , the use of violence to intimidate or coerce especially for political purposes and terror ' means intense fear , a person or thing that causes such fear . Americans have fallen into the spell of intense fear . It takes an act of terrorism to create intense fear and budget approval to fight terrorism

After this incident , a professor who teaches Islamic studies at Berkley University , the first breed of the McGill University Islamic studies intended for western university professors so that they will continue Islamic studies at university where they are teaching , said that Islam is a good religion if you want to control people . Though Islam is against communism , there is no difference between the Islamic methodology and communist methodology . The spread of the teachings is communized

In his review of the Earthscan Reader on NGO management , Bangari says that with continuous pressure for effective management , NGOs are transforming themselves as new emerging business leaders in today 's world . Foreign NGOs are taking more participatory actions to have greater access in domestic political frames and debates even though they are rarely successful as advocacy groups . And Bangari (2003 ) warns that beyond the ethical and moral reasons ' a nation should be aware that India 's experience of harnessing on human rights organizations and NGOs is the reason of its defeat during Kashmir war in early 1990

Human rights have become one of the greatest social global issues . Most human rights organizations and NGOs often propose political advocacy by emphasizing cooperative , concurrent , disassociated , and competitive

Kant ponders the irony of human desires - one who promotes and upholds equality and superiority could also be the one who induces inequality creates social segregation and marginalization one who pursues happiness could also be the one who trumps morality and one who could also promote radical evil

This explains how the modern terrorist organization is formed . It is founded as nongovernmental organization and is spread along the network And that makes it difficult to eliminate either by modern or traditional military who tend to use the exact tactical combat strategies

According to Safonov , the modern terrorist organizations have some essential characteristics . They are self-sufficient and viable along the networks , have extensive geographic base because with nongovernmental organization structure , they can easily mobile the members and arouse the communities sense of belonging to a group whom they believe in as their protector . They also have wide scope or hybrid system of decision maker , which is very significant , said Safonov , as soon as the upper level of the group is knocked out , the process moved down to the middle level and therefore the circle of persons making decisions expanded substantially

They have a common strategic goal but diverse tactics ' They are ideologically related and sometimes are completely unrelated in structures but can move along the networks as a strategy or tactics to defeat their target . They also have effectively turned into a trademark , a kind of a commercial brand that can be either licensed or pirated ' and benefit both the owner and the business

From North America foreign policy point of view , we can analyze this network represent the pioneers . They open the door for the business of war to be established as an enterprise in a country such as in Afghanistan . The civil war in Afghanistan was about to subside when the military decided that they are coming with businesses . Consequently more insurgents appeared and the battle is becoming more intense . The battle becomes a combination of war of political and religious power guns trade , and commercialization of poppies industry - from production to national trade and exporting to foreign countries , mainly the US

Unfortunately , the insurgents are foreign trained civilian military Khan describes that many of the soldiers on the battlefield will not be part of the U .S . military . Rather , they will be civilians employed by private military companies (PMCs . PMCs were instrumental in providing both operational and logistical support in the war on terrorism in Afghanistan , and have been used by the U .S government to engage in regional and ethnic conflicts across the globe , from Bosnia to Sierra Leone to Colombia . Unlike traditional defense manufacturers , PMCs are primarily service providers of hi-tech warfare , including communications and intelligence , logistical support and battlefield training and planning

Garson (2006 ) states that major crimes activities today are computer and IT related . The terrorism networks are also very advanced in information technology system and application . Religion is one of the non-governmental organization methodologies to encourage community participation . So is the case in modern terrorist organizations

However , what is dangerous about the structure of terrorism network organization is they operate as corporate entities but very danger (Ibid ) as they combine criminal activities and business . Another distinguishing characteristic of modern terrorist organization is that they combine criminal activities and terrorist networks . They are well trained in the battle fields and sophisticated in the use of technology

From political administrative and management point of view , Shafritz Russell (2000 ) claim the nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations are the most capitalists in our economic system . In the military field , they are the fiercest institutions . They combine religious orthodoxy business , and political power to control the field

If the nonprofit and non-governmental organizations receive funding from government grants and public and private contributions , the nonprofit terrorist organizations also receive funding from public grants and corporate contribution whose corporations are other than the private military companies themselves

After the privatization of the Pentagon , under the rule of Defense Secretary Dick Cheney , the first contract of 3 .9 million went to Kellog and Brown and Root services - a profit contractor and on-governmental organization - a perfect combination of combat military service and logistic agency . However , privatization causes corruption , said Shafritz Russell (2000 . Today , the line between military and nonprofit logistic agency is blurring . Corruption and fraud scandals are emerging in the department and the Pentagon

Khan describes that soldiers on the battlefield will not be part of the US military . Rather , they will be civilians employed by private military companies ' Center of Public Integrity 's International Consortium of Investigative Journalists reported that there are 90 private military companies that have operated in 110 countries worldwide . The increasing usage of the private military , who are often have less and poor training , is due to massive reduction in the military funding and recruitment and training of personnel . Since 1994 , the US Defense Department has signed 3 ,106 contract with private military companies valued at more than 300 billion . More than 2 ,700 of these contracts are signed between Kellog Brrown and Root , a subsidiary firm of Hillaburton Corporation which was previously owned by Dick Cheney and Booz Allen Hamilton , a Virginia-based management technology consulting firm

These firms have access to information from the Pentagon . Then you are wondering why these terrorist groups are very sophisticated in technology and they know information about what other country such as Afghanistan , Iraq , Iran or Somalia have but information legit enough to establish a war ? The poor Islamic radical countries are becoming the game field of these two forces : for-profit military and the non-governmental organization military whose members are known as the jihadis ' It is billion dollars business industry . These modern terrorist groups are not only being backed by political actors but also they are guaranteed funded through market competition

Like the communist ideology , the Berkley professor said , Islam is a methodology of control . The US news and World Report estimate that between 2001 and 2002 , US Army contracted out between 124 ,000 and 605 ,000 persons as private military who are trained by retired generals In countries such as Thailand , the Philippines , Venezuela , or Israel majority trainers of the civilian military are the US military exodus

While the US is recruiting new reservists to serve as combatants in the field , private military and the NGOs are recruiting civilians as their combatants . They pose as real military and tend to use the city streets as their medium of field training . Like International Labor Trade International Traffic in Arms Regulation Law allows private military companies to sell their services abroad through the Defense Foreign Military Sales program , under which the Pentagon pays the contractor for services offered to a foreign government

Many of the private military contractors are owned by big companies such as , besides Kellogs Brown Root and Halliburton , Fortune 500 . once knows as the mercenaries , Deborah Avant , an associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Town University explains that these private military would use these terrorist organizations to help it to preserve war and maintain long-term market share and increase the trend in to provide the legitimate military functions and services even to replace the traditional military

Like the terrorist groups , private military also forms the International Peace Operations Associations . Besides the private military contractors who operate for profits and there are also the non-profit military who operates like the non-governmental organizations . Generally , they accompany the for-profit military establishment as the logistics but often , they are related

From political administrative and management point of view , Shafritz Russell (2000 ) claim the nonprofit or non-governmental organizations are the most capitalist in our economic system and they are funded through government grants and private or corporate donations . In the military field , they are the fiercest institutions . They combine religious orthodoxy , business , and political power to control and they are funded through corporate donations

Free market claims competition as the key to efficiency , but the Kantian Theory of Corruption states that competition establishes radical evil One must use evil to outdo the others or to make him or herself superior to the others

Ever wonder why the Muslim society is being blamed as the source of radical evil ? It may be because they are too focused to obedience to God that they are ignorant to the reality . Americans are also too ignorant because they are too focused they are spelled bounded by American hypnotism or terrorist attacks and intensively feared by their own decisions for free market and liberal society

Conclusion

Who are responsible and stand behind terrorist activities ? Why President Bush quickly wrapped the entire Americans and the global audience that Osama bin Laden , his best friend , is responsible for these activities Is it true that Osama bin Laden is the leader of the terrorist groups

Terrorism is an extremely complex interdisciplinary problem ' James Austin , the author of The Collaboration Challenge said that if you want to have it all , chop the head first . Like the Chinese , you can eat everything if you chop off the head first . And if you want to know who the terrorist groups are , how this modern terrorism works , who are the political backing of these groups , and who are the financial backing of these groups , ask President Bush , Vice President Dick Cheney , and previous Defense Minister Donald Rumshelf

Work Cited

HYPERLINK "http /web112 .epnet .com /searchpost .asp ?tb 1 _ug sid 3CD4EC5A 2D919B 2D4 826 2DAED6 2D5ECC642CD6F5 40sessionmgr6 dbs aph 2Cbuh 2Cmth cp 1 95A1 _u s mh 1 ss SO hd False hs False or Date mdbs aph 2Cbuh 2Cmth fh False frn 1 sm ES sl 2D1 dstb ES sel False ri KAAAGEKB CE5C _uso hd Fals e tg 5B2 2D tg 5B1 2D tg 5B0 2D st 5B2 2D st 5B1 2D st 5B0 2Dngo management db 5B2 2Dmth db 5B1 2Dbuh db 5B0 2Daph op 5B2 2DAnd op 5B 1 2DAnd op 5B0 2D B180 ss AR 20 22Bangari 2C 20Ravindra 20Singh 22 fsc an Sub lfr Lateral " \o "Bangari , Ravindra Singh " Bangari , Ravindra Singh . Activists Beyond Bs : Advocacy Networks in International Politics / The Earthscan Reader on NGO Management . HYPERLINK "http /web112 .epnet .com /authHjafDetail .asp ?tb 1 _ug sid 3CD4EC5A 2D919B 2D4826 2DAED6 2D5ECC642CD6F5 40sessionmgr6 dbs aph 2Cbuh 2Cmth cp 1 95A 1 _us mh 1 ss SO hd False hs False or Date mdbs aph 2Cbuh 2Cmth fh False frn 1 sm ES sl 2D1 dstb ES sel False ri KAAAGEKB CE5C _uso hd False tg 5B2 2D tg 5B1 2D tg 5B0 2D st 5B2 2D st 5B1 2D st 5B0 2Dn go management db 5B2 2Dmth db 5B1 2Dbuh db 5B0 2Daph op 5B2 2DAnd o br

5B1 2DAnd op 5B0 2D B180 db buhjnh bs JN 20 22IIMB 20Management 20Re view 22 idb fc T " \o "IIMB Management Review " IIMB Management Review Vol . 15 . 4 (December 2003 : p92-94 . Business Source Premier . EBSCO Publishing . Walden University , Minnesota , MN . 24 July , 2006

Boggs , Carl Pollard , Tom . HYPERLINK "http /web10 .epnet .com /citation .asp ?tb 1 _ug sid 648F0FAF 2D3DC6 2D47A3 2DA197 2D7BB9D68EA29B 40sessionmgr2 dbs aph 2Cbuh 2Ccmedm 2Cmth 2Cpdh 2 Cufh cp 1 4F9F _us sel False frn 1 sl 2D1 hd False hs False or Date fh False ss SO sm ES mdbs aph 2Cbuh 2Ccmedm 2Cmth 2Cpdh 2Cufh dstb ES mh 1 ri KAAACB5A 9B93 _uso hd False tg 5B2 2D tg 5B1 2D tg 5B0 2D st 5B2 2D st 5B1 2D st 5B0 2Dmodern terrorism db 5B5 2Dufh db 5B4 2Dpdh db 5B3 2Dmth db 5B2 2Dcmedm db 5B1 2Dbuh db 5B0 2Daph op 5B2 2DAnd op 5B1 2DAnd op 5B0 2D 0906 fn 1 rn 3 " \o "Hollywood and the Spectacle of Terrorism " \t "_self " Hollywood and the Spectacle of Terrorism . New Political Science , Vol . 28 . 3 (Sep2006 : p335-351 Academic Search Premier . EBSCO Publishing . Walden University Minneapolis , MN . 26 February 2007

Grenberg , Jeanine . Kant and the Ethics of Humility . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2005

Khan , Mafruza . Business on the Battlefield . The Role of Private Military Companies . By GJF 's Corporate Research E-Letter No . 30 , December 2002

HYPERLINK "http /www .corp-research .org /dec02 .htm " \t "_blank http /www .corp-research .org /dec02 .htm . 16 May 2006

Kershaw , Roger . A Literary Critic On Modern Terrorism . HYPERLINK "http /web10 .epnet .com /authHjafDetail .asp ?tb 1 _ug sid 648F0FAF 2D3DC6 2D47A3 2DA197 2D7BB9D68EA29B 40sessionmgr2 dbs aph 2Cbuh 2Ccmedm 2Cmth 2 Cpdh 2Cufh cp 1 4F9F _us mh 1 ss SO hd False hs False or Date mdbs aph 2 Cbuh 2Ccmedm 2Cmth 2Cpdh 2Cufh fh False frn 1 sm ES sl 2D1 dstb ES sel False ri KAAACB5A B4B8 _uso hd False tg 5B2 2D tg 5B1 2D tg 5B 0 2D st 5B2 2D st 5B1 2D st 5B0 2Dmodern terrorism db 5B5 2Dufh db 5B4 2Dpdh db 5B3 2Dmth db 5B2 2Dcmedm db 5B1 2Dbuh db 5B0 2Daph op 5B2 2DAnd op 5B1 2DAnd op 5B0 2D 0906 db aphjnh bs JN 20 22Contempor ary 20Review 22 idb fc T " \o "Contemporary Review " Contemporary Review , Vol . 288 , 1681 (Summer2006 : pp238-239 . Academic Search Premier . EBSCO Publishing , Walden University , Minnesota , MN . 26 February 2007

Koistinen , Paul C . Arsenal of World War II : The Political Economy of American Warfare , 1940-1945 .Kansas : Kansas University Press , 2004

Shafritz Russell . Introducing Public Administration . New York : Addison Wesley-Longman , 2000

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Endnotes

Safritz Russell , 2000

2 Safonov , p49

3 Ibid

4 Ibid

Safonov , p51 ...