Telecommunication

The original meaning of the universal obligation

The original idea of Universal Service Obligation was to provide equal and affordable access to means of trade and communication and bridging the regional conflicts (Dr . Beth Simone Noveck . It refers to the telecommunication system that connects a particular geographic region or majority of the citizens to public telecommunication networks (Further Guidance - related to Universal Service Obligations in Telecommunications in Jordan . It is the source of bringing awareness and providing updated information to general public by expanding affordable telecommunication services . These services also include

br access to Internet and fax facility

The Universal Service Obligation is defined as services available for every one under identical conditions at an affordable cost . The services specified here refer to facilities that can be provided through a network . This makes service the goal while the network becomes the means of achieving it . The element of providing these services on identical condition to every one means they should be available without any discrimination among citizens and in geographical regions . This also includes the non-discriminatory factors and condition in quality and reliability of the service and service provisions . The availability of these of these services should be at affordable price and there must be no monetary hurdle for the users to subscribe to these facilities

According to European Parliament the universal service is defined minimum service of specified quality to all users everywhere and , in the light of specific national conditions , at an affordable price

The definition given by European Union for universal service as "minimum set of services , of specified quality to which all end-users have access , at an affordable price in the light of national conditions without distorting competition

The original objectives

The purposes for implementing telecommunication networks are

It is accepted as basic and essential right of common citizen . It is recognized as necessity for personal and business communication . Through telecommunication , common public gets awareness to all type of information and details , which includes government , social , educational and medical services . The access to telecommunication services is the demand and permit of full participation in 21st century

It is necessary for the political , national , cultural and economical adherence . An effective telecommunication system is the basic and preliminary requirement of every market or nation-state created

It promotes relationship between economics and telecommunication development . A strong telecommunication system provides economic growth and enables the countries to reap the benefit of modern economy , which includes Internet and e-commerce facilities

It promotes development outside the thickly populated areas especially of industrialized countries , by easing the traffic and population through telecommuting in urban regions

It is used to exterminate the inequality among urban and rural regions This objective is more practicable in low-income countries

Financing of the Universal Service Obligation

To improve and maintain the universal services and make them available to every one and every where , the telecommunication required a planned system of financing and funding . It was necessary to determine the cost and funds required for the system . The main source...