Paper Topic:

Sports Psychologies affects on performance

Sports Psychology

Table of Content

Introduction

Basic Concepts and Applications

History of Sports Psychology

Methods of Sports Psychology

Motivation

Communication

Stress management

Mental imagery

Affects on Performance

Development of individual

Communication

Focus

Confidence

Goal setting

Conclusion

1 . Introduction "Sport psychology involves preparing the mind of an athlete , just as thoroughly as one prepares the body . Sport psychology is an emerging field in the worlds of psychology and athletics . For many elite-level professional , recreational , and even youth athletes , successful performances

cannot simply be reduced to superior physical performance

Instead , performance in any endeavor is largely contingent upon mental preparation and psychological strength . Just as you prepared for competition by practicing physical skill as well as increasing your strength and endurance , you must also prepare yourself mentally . This includes setting clear , short-term goals , entertaining positive thoughts , using self affirmations , imagery , negative thought stopping etc

Thanks to the extensive coverage of athletic events now days , the sports enthusiast can understand the need for and benefits of sport psychology Examples of mental training surround us - for instance skiers , divers and gymnasts imaging their routines or tricks before they perform Nancy Kerrigan 's successful use of sport psych principles after she was maliciously attacked so close to the 1994 Olympics golfers and biathletes using relaxation techniques to slow their heart rates and breathing thereby allowing for better accuracy in their shots and basketball player using a combination of goal setting and imagery to improve their free throw percentages . The principles of sport psychology are helping athletes succeed in many ways

2 . Basic Concepts and Applications

Basic concepts and applications of psychological knowledge for organized sport , physical activity and athletic training

Areas of sport psychology expertise : What do sport psychologists do

Psychology of coaching /teaching

Psychological aspects of performance enhancement

Injury prevention and rehabilitation

Research areas of sport psychology

Educating youth sport coaches : An applied sport psychology perspective

Principles of positive reinforcement and aversive approaches

Motivation for participating in sport and recreational physical activity Stress and youth sport

Sources of stress and stress coping techniques for youth sport coaches

Mental health risks associated with youth sport

Learned helplessness in youth sport : antecedents and consequences

Mental training for performance enhancement

Psychological characteristics of peak performance

Goal-setting for peak performance

Arousal-performance relationships

Relaxation /energizing techniques

Cognitive techniques Stress coping strategies for athletes

Stress , injury and psychological rehabilitation of athletes

Psychological causes of injury

Athletes ' reactions to injury

Psychological rehabilitation strategies

Behavioral therapy for injured athletes

Socio-psychological influences and sport performance

Individual and group motivation in sport and physical activity

Achievement motivation and attributions

Group cohesion and team harmony in sport

Leadership effectiveness in sport

Psychological well-being and exercise

Exercise adherence /compliance

Cognitive and affective consequences of exercise

Exercise and therapy for anxiety and depression

Exercise abuse - side effects of exercise Aggression in sport

3 . History of Sports Psychology

Sport Psychology Prior to 1950

1898 First experiment (Norman Triplett

Paced bicycle races result in faster times than solo efforts

Social facilitation : the presence of audience and /or co actors...

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