School Leadership within the Public, private, and Charter School districts within the U.S.

RUNNING HEAD : Role of the superintendent

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Date (I : Introduction

Leadership is the ability to have authority and powers to guide and direct . School leadership ensures that schools are run in the correct way and that set goals and objectives on education are accomplished . The leadership could be at school level , classroom , or even district level (Bell , J , 2001 . All the leadership levels run concurrently to ensure their respective responsibilities of each level together with common ones are accomplished effectively

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schools have been ascertained as to perform poorly due to many reasons including poor instructional models and leadership within school or building site and also at the district level (Clotfelter , C . T Ladd , H . F , et al , 2004 . There is therefore a need to improve student achievement and school performance (Webber C , M . Robertson , 2004 . This can be achievement through accomplishment of the critical responsibilities of all levels of school leadership and collaborations of efforts . The district leadership in the past has been seen as full of bureaucracies that do not care about student achievement , solicit funds and are always against any viable education system reforms

There is a need to perform intensive research to evaluate district leadership role in student achievement and develop critical strategies that best addresses the achievement and instruction issues . Most importantly a research for evaluating the role of the superintendent implication of fulfillment of his or her responsibilities on students achievement and search for better strategies and methods driving effective and successful reforms (Bell , J , 2001 (II : Review of the Literature

Research on school leadership has been done for a very long time . All research has been geared towards improving school performance with respect to increasing achievement of all students without biases to financial background , race or school type . There are many scholarly journals that base their information on the continued research since the late 1980 's . The journals on strong leadership practices include (Bell J , 2001 Andrews , R , M . Grogan , 2002 Fauske , J . R , 2002 Kochan F K ,

. Bredeson , C . Riehl , 2002 Murphy , J , 2002 Normore , A . H , 2004

These journals have reliable and comprehensive information on the important and critical strategies that should be applied in ensuring a strong leadership practices through involvement in continuous staff development and best recruitment methods . Student achievement in positively correlated to effective and efficient school and district leadership and this has been supported strongly by these journals

The school districts are currently involved in intensive school reforms so as to prepare and equip all stakeholders including students teachers , and school administrators , and the community at large to developments and changes that are always occurring in the twentieth century

There need to be strategies that can be applied or adopted so as to incur smooth transitional reforms within school districts . Journals that have been able to provide important information on such critical strategies are (Johnston , J .A , Bickel , W .E , Wallace , R .D , Jr , 1990 Peterson , G , M . Young , 2002...