Sanitary Microbiology

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Coliform Bacteria

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Sanitary Microbiology ? February 2006

Table of contents

TOC \o "1-5 " \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l "_Toc6 " Cover Page PAGEREF _Toc6 \h 1

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc7 " Table of contents PAGEREF _Toc7 \h 2

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc8 " Summary 3

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc9 " Introduction 4

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc0 " Background 4

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc1 " Properties 4

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc2 " Escherichia 5

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc3 " Klebsiellae 5

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc4 " Methods of Enumeration 5

HYPERLINK \l

"_Toc5 " Most Probable Number (MPN ) Method 6

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc6 " Membrane Filtration Method 6

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc7 " The Defined Substrate Method 7

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc8 " Other Faecal Indicating Bacteria 7

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc9 " Government Legislation 8

conclusion______________________________________________________________ _________________9

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc0 " References 10 Summary

The coliform bacteria group have been identified as the Klebsiella Escherichia coli , Citrobacter , Enterobacter , and Serratia . Of these , the most frequently viewed are the Klebsiella group (found in higher concentrations in hospital patients and is abundant in the environment and the E . coli . Procedures have been devised through which the detection of microorganisms that indicate faecal contamination can be detected . These microorganisms are usually the coliform bacteria , though other types of bacteria that do not fit the coliform are also taken as indicators of faecal contamination . The United Kingdom law stipulates that these procedures must be carried out on water made available to the public , but the laws have had to take into consideration the limitations of statistical methods of measuring the amount of coliform bacteria in a sample

Introduction

The presence of certain micro-organisms has usually been used to infer the presence of pathogens , yet it is now known that many possibilities exist in which each might exist in the absence of the other (Trest et al , 2004 A . Leclercq , et al , 2002 . The term microbial indicator has therefore become ambiguous , and to eliminate this ambiguity , more specific names have been given to different types of micro-organisms General or process microbial indicators refer to those that demonstrate the efficacy of a process (Ashbolt , Grabow , and Snozzi 2001 . Faecal indicators point toward the existence of faecal contamination , and index /model organisms indicate the presence of pathogens (2001

Background

It was Von Fritsch who in 1880 first attributed to Klebsiella pneumoniae and K . rhinoscleromatis the property of being organisms generally found in human faeces . Just a few years later began the routine examination of water in London for bacterial contaminants . In 1885 , Escherich provided a of the Bacillus coli , later renamed for him as Escherichia coli (E . coli , and not long after this Percy and Grace Frankland suggested that organisms normally found in sewage ought to be identified so that better methods of detecting pollution could be adopted . The enumeration of B . Coli using the Wurtz method of directly plating water samples was used by bacteriologists . The concept that acid would arise from the lactose was used to diagnose the presence of these coli . The idea of coliform bacteria (or those bacteria that...