Review Literature

Strategies in Attaining Reading Fluency of English as a Second Language (ESL ) Students : An Action Research

The English language is a widely acclaimed universal language and its importance has been recognized worldwide , especially in less developed and developing nations due to the advent of advanced technological innovations and globalization of economies . Learning English as a second language (ESL ) requires students to systematically and intensively understand its complexity , analyze its system , improve vocabulary and comprehension skills and knowledge , and use strategies that would enable them to use the language effectively . In to improve

students language skills , educational institutions in non-English speaking countries need to ensure effective Teaching English as Second Language (TESL ) approaches and strategies . The proposed study primarily aims to explore the different intervention strategies and their impact on enhancing students ' reading skills

Problem Statement

Second language learners are more likely to be able to communicate effectively with the second language as the medium if they know how to use , recognize , and understand the meaning of every word . Therefore reading fluency is an important aspect of learning a second language Some researchers (LaBerge Samuels , 1974 Stanovich , 1980 Fuchs et al , 2001 ) indicate that reading fluency skill is necessary for improving comprehension and overall reading ability . However , many second language learners score low in reading . Poor reading skill is defined as below-grade-level performance on two or more of the reading baseline measures (Gunn et al , 2005 . Poor reading skills , especially in public elementary schools , are prevalent because of many factors such as incompetent teaching practices , poverty , use of second language , poor attendance , lack of support from the community , parents , and the government in promoting a second language , and students ' learning styles , abilities or biological deficits (DeFries Alarcon , 1996 Snow Burns Griffin , 1998 Papalewis , 2004 . This study will investigate TESL strategies and their effects in improving the fifth grade students reading efficiency in _______ Elementary School

Literature Review

Through qualitative methods - discourse analysis and self-report data Sengupta (2001 ) explored the network-based approach in TESL . It provides an array of learning experiences that would enhance their skills and increase knowledge in reading , writing , listening , and speaking . Since economically marginalized families have limited access to technology the network-based approach to learning would not work for ESL class in most public schools . Shokrpour Fotovatian (2007 ) stress the importance of students ' knowledge of the strategies in reading comprehension in their experimental study (qualitative and quantitative analyses Teaching reading comprehension strategies like cognitive , metacognitive and socio-affective help students improve their reading skills by practicing different skills and activities in learning . However , these strategies are more general approach to teaching reading . They can also be used in other subject areas for easier acquisition of knowledge and skills . Therefore , the intensive intervention program used by Tam Heward Heng (2006 ) will be used in the proposed study as a means of attaining reading fluency of the ESL students in the fifth grade . Tam et al . found that the three intervention program strategies improved the oral reading rates and reading...