Research Personal Navigation Devices

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Personal Navigation Devices

Introduction

Personal Navigation Device (PND ) also known as Personal Navigation Assistant or Portable Navigation Device is a portable electronic apparatus that combines a navigation function and positioning facility such as global positioning system or GPS . Around the mid 1980s , the first generation of PNDs was produced for the United States military which was capable of displaying on an electronic map the user 's position through hand-held GPS units . These units incorporated simple navigation functions such as course-made-good and course-to-steer . However

, with the present growing popularity of automobile navigation systems Personal Navigation Devices has attained the character of an everyday gadget

Popularity of PNDs

Personal navigation devices have made a major impact on hand-held navigation devices seeing that in modern years these hand-held PNDs were mass produced for the consumer market . The newest creations of PNDs have become very well-liked on account of their sophisticated navigation functions , as well as feature several user interfaces together with voice instructions , turn-by-turn guidance and maps . Deliberately , in to reduce up-to-date PNDs devices such as those made by TomTom International BV Mio Technology Ltd . and Garmin Ltd . are functioning through an embedded operating system such as Embedded Linux or Windows CE on service hardware with OEM versions of trendy PDA Navigation software packages

Leaders in PNDs

At present , the three-way competition among industries like TomTom and Garmin , car vendors , and mobile phone makers is in progress...