Represantation of Bureaucracy and Total Institutions in terms of Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens

Running head : BUREAUCRACY AND Representation of bureaucracy and Twist by Charles Dickens

Introduction

Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by specialization , division of labour , hierarchy , rules , impersonality , technical competence and the separation of private and public matters . Whereas the element of specialization is based on the structuring of fixed administrative activities along the competences and responsibilities of individuals the element of division of labour involves the breaking down of administrative tasks that are complex into smaller units . The element of hierarchy involves the establishment distinct vertical command chains through which superiority

is determined and the accountability of the subordinates to the superiors . As for the element of rules , the bureaucracy is founded upon systemized and abstract regulations applicable to cases that are specific in nature and which as designed to serve as follows (1 ) provide clear definition of the authoritative limits across the organizational hierarchy (2 ) procedural for task performance and (3 ) controlling and achieving discipline in the conduct of organizational officials . The element of impersonality introduces the aspect of formalized approach in the performance of duties with respect to emotions or preference . The element of technical competence imposes the requirement of basing organizational appointments on the technical know-how and expertise of individuals . To this end skills play a crucial role in the selection of employees who are compensated and promoted according to seniority and are expected to pursue their careers on a full-time basis . The separation of private and public activities serves...