What is Punishment?

Literature Review

Overview

According to Krauth (1996 , punishment usually involves the deliberate incision of ache , misery or the removal of rights and /or freedom Basically , these actions are definitely wrong . However , our society /community are using these methods particularly in law-breaking issues to maintain peace and . The community gives punishment to avoid crimes and violence . The people are encouraged to be vigilant and to disclose any information pertinent to the occurrence of violent offenses (Krauth , 1996 . Krauth (1996 ) cited that a number of communities in some parts of the world

have attempted to develop community-based crime prevention strategies as supplemental action for the government 's efforts in giving punishment . Basically , punishment of offenders in society is a wide context , thus to narrow the context this review will cover only the role and effect of punishment in shaping the behavior of an individual i .e . parenting and learning strategies which summarizes the studies conducted by Ballantine , J (2001 , Moeller (2001 , and Hill (1990 . On the other hand , in the report of Hyman and Zelikoff (1987 , the issues regarding the worst result of punishment to an individual i .e . trauma is also reviewed . In follow up to this , Bartol (1995 ) identifies the possible bad result of punishment i .e . aggression The report concerning the theories of behavior in accordance to learning behavior were further discussed in the of Slavin (1995 , Kounin (1970 , Skinner (1974 , Thorndike (1912 ) and Pavlov (1927 . During our childhood days , our parent usually imposed punishment to us if we got mistakes . Actually , this punishment affects our development as a child . It could have either positive or negative effects . And of the negative effects of it is aggression (Bartol 1995 . With this regard this review of literature also seeks to realize why people permit the legitimation of this type of infiltration . Thus , it evaluates the reason behind why discipline relies on punishment and negative consequences to improve child 's behavior . Punishment also affects the education and learning behavior of a child , thus we will also cover issues of punishment in school setting

Review

In the study conducted by Ballantine , J (2001

.46 , he argued that parents usually give punishment to their children just to discipline them . However , parents should be cautious in giving punishment . This might cause physical , emotional and mental problems or this may also results to rebellious behavior or worst a trauma . Research has long proven that the parenting styles adopted by parents often have a great impact on the development of the child (e .g . Ballantine , J . 2001

.46

Ballantine , J (2001

.46 ) stated that there are three basic parenting styles i .e . authoritative , authoritarian and permissive styles Basically , Ballantine , J (2001 ) stated that authoritarian parents tend to control their offspring . Also , they are very demanding and have high expectations for their children . But also , they tend to be less responsive to their children 's needs . They rely very heavily on punishment . Authoritative parents , on the other hand , though also very demanding...