Philosophy

PART A

Identify if the following arguments are VALID or INVALID

VALID . 1 . Vandalism prevents families from feeling safe . If families do not feel safe , then they will move out of the neighborhood . Thus vandalism causes families to leaver their neighborhoods

VALID . 2 . Some people from San Diego are vegetarians . All people from San Diego enjoy surfing . So some vegetarians enjoy surfing

VALID . 3 . Unless the pension plan is well-funded , people will be unable to afford their medication after retiring . Thankfully , the pension plan is well-funded . Thus , retirees will be able

to afford their medication

INVALID . 4 . Snow skiing is a dangerous sport , and whenever engaging in dangerous activities , you should wear protective gear . Thus , you should wear protective gear when snow skiing

INVALID . 5 . I know I failed my History exam . I always pass essay exams and this exam only had fill in the blank type questions

INVALID . 6 . All poets are moody . Some moody people take anti-depressants . So some poets take anti-depressants

INVALID . 7 . Garden gnomes are just evil . You see , they move around at night , and anything creeping around at night must be possessed by demons , and of course , demon possession causes one to be evil

INVALID . 8 . I think I will go see a movie this afternoon . The theater is only playing the new James Bond film and a horror movie . I never go see horror films . I guess it 's the new James Bond

VALID . 9 . Whenever David gets depressed , he skips his classes . I saw him in his classes today . So he cannot be depressed

INVALID . 10 . Downtown Las Vegas cannot be prosperous again without building residential condos , and there are many condo projects going up right now . So downtown Las Vegas will certainly be prosperous again

PART B

Choose any two arguments in Part A and explain your answers . Repeating the definition of valid and /or invalid is not a sufficient definition Stating that it is just of a specific form , e .g , Affirming the Consequent , Modus Tollens , etc , is not a sufficient explanation . You need to go through the arguments reasoning as is done in the text . In other words , present your thinking as you came up with your answer

Using the arguments 6 and 9

INVALID . 6 . All poets are moody . Some moody people take anti-depressants . So some poets take anti-depressants

A fallacy is committed specifically with the term Some moody ' in the first premise which refers only to a portion of the class (of the all poets ' mentioned the reason that this argument becomes invalid

VALID . 9 . Whenever David gets depressed , he skips his classes . I saw him in his classes today . So he cannot be depressed

This is a valid argument based on the reason that in this mood , the falsity of the consequent implies the falsity of the antecedent . In other words , if the effect in the consequent does not occur , then the condition in the antecedent has not taken place . Thus if we reject the consequent proposition...