Pathopyhsiologies and Manifestations of the Cardiovascular System

Running Head : PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISS

Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular diss

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Dis 1 : Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of fallot is a type of cardiovascular dis classified as one of the most common congenital heart diseases which mean that it may be present at birth . Tetralogy of fallot consists of a combination of four different heart defects namely ventricular septal defect or VSD right ventricular hypertrophy or RVH , overriding of the aorta or OA and

pulmonary stenosis or PS . In VSD , there is an opening in the ventricular wall that separates the left and the right side of the heart that causes the mixing of oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood . RVH signifies the increase in the muscle mass of the right ventricle due to the increase in the volume of blood that it needs to pump out into the circulation . In OA , the location of the aorta may be in between the right and left ventricles . PS limits the blood that can pass through the lungs

Symptoms

Hematologic system

Decreased oxygen saturation rate

Polycythemia or erythrocytosis

Elevated Erythrocyte sedimentation rate or ESR

Both PS and VSD cause an increase in the amount of non-oxygenated blood present in the system as evidenced by a decrease in the oxygen saturation present in the arterial blood gas . As deoxygenated blood is pumped out of the heart and into other organs , the body produces an increased amount of...