“Parkinson’s disease: Is the cause genetic or environmental?`

: - Parkinson 's disease : Is the cause genetic or environmental

Specifications : 5 Pages , 10 Sources , MLA Style

: language Include one section (introduction ) that explains what PD is , and a few general facts figures one section that reviews the literature supporting a genetic cause one section that reviews the literature supporting an environmental cause one section (conclusion ) where you can make conclusions on what you 've learned and state your opinion about the title-question one properly labeled figure /table , maximum of two maximum ? page each Bibliography : 1-2 pages at least 10 cited references

no internet sites search for research articles on PUBMED . [ex : Waters , C .H Miller , C .A . 1994 . Autosomal dominant citations within essay

[ex : PD appears to be more frequent among relatives of index patients with PD , compared to a matched control population (Payami et al . 1994 Parkinson 's disease or "Parkinsonism " is a long-standing , gradually progressive dis in which various features such as tremors rigidity , abnormal gait , defective posture and bradykinesia develop After , Alzheimer 's disease , it is the second most common neurodegenerative dis (Anthony H .V . Schapira . 2006 . The condition usually develops during the middle or later stages of life . It can occur in all races , both sexes , and throughout the world . In the general population , about 0 .1 to 0 .2 of the population develop the dis , and in the elderly age group about 1 to 2 develops the dis (10 times higher in individuals above the age of 65 years As the age group increases , so does the incidence rates of Parkinsonism (Michael J . Aminoff . 2004 . The incidences are similar in several countries across the world such as the US , Italy and Portugal . A study conducted recently in New Jersey demonstrated that Parkinson 's disease is slightly more common in men compared to women . At the moment , not many occupational associations have been cited for the development and the occurrence of Parkinson 's disease (Christopher G . Goetz . 2003 . In the North American Continent , about 1 million people are affected with the dis . As the human life span rises , so will the risk of developing Parkinsonism . No precise diagnostic tests or procedures have been formulated for Parkinsonism . As the dis is a clinical syndrome , the diagnosis is usually made based on the clinical symptoms and signs (David Gordon Lichter .1998

Parkinsonism can occur in two forms , namely Primary and Secondary . In the primary or idiopathic form , the symptoms are characteristic and the condition may not develop in association with another dis . In the secondary form , the condition develops in association with another dis ( David Gordon Lichter .1998

One of the characteristic symptoms of Parkinsonism is the 4 to 6 Hz tremor , which is usually observed during rest , and worsens when the individual gets emotionally stressed . The individual has severe problems with bradykinesia in which reflex movements and voluntary movements get slowed down . In more serious situations (known as 'akinesia , these movements may get completely abolished . The muscles of the face and the eyeball...