What was Pan Africanism and what roles did it play in the modern

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What was Pan Africanism and what roles did it play in the modern

history of Africa

WHAT IS PAN AFRICANISM

Pan-africanism has a dual character : it is at the same time (i ) an international political movement and (ii ) a socio-political world-view a philosophical and cultural umbrella concept , which seeks to correct the historical and cultural outrage that Europe has perpetrated on the continent during the past several centuries

An international movement

As an international movement , the term denotes the forward-looking elements in Africa that have

as their common goal the unity of all Africans and the elimination of colonialism and white supremacy from the continent

The First Pan-African Congress was held in London in 1900 , and was followed by others in Paris in 1919 , in London and Brussels (1921 London and Lisbon (1923 , and in New York City in 1927 . These conventions were organized chiefly by W . E . B . Du Bois and attended by the North American and West Indian black intelligentsia . These , however did not propose immediate African independence , rather , they favored gradual self-government and `interracialism

In 1944 , several African organizations in London joined to form the Pan-African Federation , which for the first time demanded African autonomy and independence . The Sixth Pan-African Congress was convened in Manchester , England , in 1945 , to which came future political leaders of Africa such as Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya , Kwame Nkrumah of the Gold Coast , S . L . Akintola of Nigeria , and Wallace Johnson of Sierra Leone . At the Manchester congress , Nkrumah founded the West African National Secretariat to promote a so-called `United States of Africa Pan-africanism can also be considered as an intergovernmental movement which was launched in 1958 with the First Conference of Independent African States in Accra , Ghana . Ghana and Liberia were the only sub-Saharan countries represented the rest were Arab and Muslim

Thereafter , as independence was achieved by more African states , other interpretations of Pan-Africanism emerged , including : the Union of African States (1960 , the African States of the Casablanca Charter (1961 , the African and Malagasy Union (1961 , the Organization of Inter-African and Malagasy States (1962 , and the African-Malagasy-Mauritius Common Organization (1964

In 1963 the Organization of African Unity (OAU ) was founded to promote unity and cooperation among all African states and to bring an end to colonialism and by 1995 , it had 53 members . The OAU struggled with b disputes , aggression or subversion against one member by another separatist movements , and the collapse of in member states

One of its longest commitments and greatest victories was the end of apartheid and the establishment of majority rule in South Africa Efforts to promote even greater African economic , social , and political integration led to the establishment in 2001 of the African Union (AU a successor organization to the OAU modeled on the European Union . The AU fully superseded the OAU in 2002 , after a transitional period

A socio-political world-view

Pan-Africanism is also a sociopolitical world-view , which seeks to unify and uplift both native Africans and those of the...