PSY

1 . When is it acceptable to use deception in a research study ? 3pts

There are various methods in which to conduct a research study and it depends on the kind of information and data analysis to be accomplished in the study . The use of deception in a research study is acceptable to some extent in cases when the objectives of the study are to explore a behavioral response to a novel concept or idea . Deception becomes necessary if prior knowledge of what the research is about will invariably affect the behavior or responses

of the participants and thus would render the results of the research invalid and unreliable . For example , the researcher wants to study how a person would react to inflicting pain to other people , we know that inflicting pain is a negative behavior and people would not willingly volunteer to do it , so in to carry out the experiment , the researcher employs deception to recruit participants to the study without disclosing the full details of the experiment . Thus , when the participants are asked to carry out the required behavior , the researchers do not specifically say that it is actually inflicting pain to a cohort of the researcher . Another example where deception is acceptable is the measurement of placebo effect in the study of drug efficacy . The participants would not inform the participants that they are taking the placebo and not the real medicine . The use of deception however entails ethical considerations and it is the responsibility of the researcher to determine the ethical implications of the kind of research study he /she wants to carry out The most important thing is to debrief the participants after the experiment has been completed . It is imperative that it is disclosed to the participants what the experiment was about and why deception was employed in the study

2 . Explain what demographic questions are and why it is recommended that they appear at the end of the survey . 3pts

Demographic questions are questions designed to gather information about the respondents that would allow the data generated from the survey be analyzed in different contexts and groups . Demographic questions pertain to gender , sex , religion , ethnicity , educational attainment geographical location and profession or occupation and other related information that would enrich the surveyed data . It is recommended that the demographic questions appear at the end of the survey since it would not interfere with the mind set of the participants when they respond to the survey questions . The demographic questions generate a wide variety of responses and for the ease of analyzing the results of the study the demographic data are treated differently than the responses to the survey especially if it uses rating scales or forced-choice scales Lastly the demographic information is usually independent variables that the researcher could not manipulate and therefore provides a means of which to evaluate the survey responses according to the different characteristics of the group

3 . Define and give an example of the following types of...