Nosocomial Infection Statistics Analysis

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : Nosocomial Infections Nosocomial infections Also known as healthcare-associated infections Serve as a significant source of morbidity and mortality Occurs from 12 to 40 of hospital-associated infections Healthcare institutions should be active in the surveillance , diagnosis and management of nosocomial infections in to prevent further complications during the hospital stay Types of Nosocomial Infections 1 . Central line-associated bloodstream infections 2 . Catheter-associated urinary tract infections 3 . Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA 4 . Healthcare-associated Gram negative infections 5 . Clostridium difficile infection (CDI Transmission of nosocomial infections Exposure of an

infected individual to another individual Patient to healthcare personnel Healthcare personnel to patient Employment of contaminated devices in the hospital Central or intravenous lines Catheters

Common pathogens Methicillin-resistant Staphylcoccus aureus Gram negative bacteria Clostridium difficile Detection methods Blood culture Polymerase chain reaction (PCR Predisposing factors of nosocomial infections Infection often occurs among patients who have undergone Placement of central or intravenous line , catheter or endotracheal tube Surgical procedure Extended stay in the hospital Occurrence of infection takes place within 48 hours after placement of central or intravenous lines 7 days after placement of catheter or endotracheal tube 7 days after completion of surgical procedure

Prevention of nosocomial infections Use of 2 chlorhexidine in wiping any surfaces of devices and body areas Use of coated catheters for insertion Frequent hand washing Contact isolation of patient positively diagnosed with a nosocomial infection Random testing of healthcare personnel for the bacterial pathogens The NASCENT Trial Kollef et al (2008 . JAMA , 300 , 805-813 NASCENT : North American...