Non-Western Humanities

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Equality of the Sexes within the Context of Islam and Buddhist Fundamentalism

At its most basic aspect fundamentalism implies attention to the religious fundamentals . According to Martin Marty , groups who feel themselves to be at risk in society return to certain sacred fundamentals as a method for both staving off the attacks of modernity and for reclaiming their own place in a sacred

history . Modernity , in this sense , is to be understood in the following context . First , it is to be seen as characterized by the rationalization of authority , and the replacement of a large number of traditional , religious , familial , and ethnic political authorities by a single , secular , national political authority . Second , it is to be seen as involving the differentiation of new political functions and the development of specialized structure for the performance of these functions and third , it is to be seen as the development of increased participation in politics throughout society Modernity , in this sense , requires the development of a pluralistic society that enables the development of positive identities as opposed to identities understood within the context of marginalized groups or communities . Within a modernist worldview , fundamentalism is thereby seen as a form of ideology , which refuses the consideration of other perspectives

In relation to this , Marty contends , people in such cultures [fundamentalist cultures] were threatened by the erosion or...