Monarchy Restoration

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Monarchy Restoration

King Charles I and the civil war of England

King Charles I was born at Fife in Scotland on 19th November 1600 and was the son of James VI and Anne of Denmark . His father was to become King James I in 1603 after succeeding Queen Elizabeth I to come to the throne of England . At Baptism in December 1600 Charles was created Duke of Albany and in 1605 became the Duke of York (Carlton , Charles . 95

Charles had an elder

brother named Prince Henry who overshadowed Charles in every manner unfortunately he passed on when Charles was 12 years old . Charles became the heir to the throne of the 3 Kingdoms that included England , Scotland and Ireland . In 1625 he was to become the second Stuart King . It was during this period that there was immense pressure from the English Protestants for the intervention against Spain in the religious wars that were prevalent in Europe between the Catholics and the Protestants (Murphy , Derrick , 215

King Charles allowed the unpopular Duke of Buckingham to direct England 's foreign policy , the introduce disastrous military exploitation against Spain and France . Parliament tried to Impeach Buckingham towards which Charles dissolved the first two . The Third Parliament drew the Petition of Right to contain Charles ' abuse of power . During his reign he continued to suppress any form of dissent and continued to alienate himself from the people . He even went ahead and married Henrietta Maria a French Catholic cause some disquiet amongst the Protestants . Against this backdrop tension went on to build up until 22 August 1642 when the Civil War broke out . The Parliament using the navy that Charles had helped equip , won London . This forced Charles to set up court and military at Oxford (Carlton , Charles ,143

Afterwards Through Charles command , the Royalist Army was able to experience some victories . They defeated Sir William Waller at the battle of Cropredy Bridge and in the summer of 1644 defeated the Earl of Essex at Lostwithiel . However the army was hit arguments and jealousies especially amongst the senior officers . This coupled by Charles indecisiveness hampered greatly the army 's effort . Parliament /Scottish alliance formed a formidable army called the New Model Army (Kenyon John Ohlmeyer , Jane , 155

It was this army that defeated the Royalists in 1645 . Charles fled Oxford in 1646 and surrendered to the Scottish army . While here he tried to exploit the divisions between the Parliamentarians and the Scots These antics would eventually lead to the Second Civil war of 1648 where Cromwell defeated the Scots . Charles was to be captured and later on beheaded at Whitehall on 30th January 1649 (Carlton , Charles , 195

Oliver Cromwell

He was born in Huntington on 25th April 1599 he is played a major role in bringng to trial and eventual execution of Charles I . He became the only non-Royal ever to hold the position of The Lord Protector of England . He rose through the ranks to become...