Modern Civ.

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World Civilization

Europe in Renaissance and the Reformation

The fourteenth century witnessed the beginning of remarkable changes in many aspects of the Italian society . In fifteenth century , it spread to Northern Europe , so all these cultural changes have been put together and named renaissance . These cultural changes led to the religious reforms . The need for reform of the individual Christian and institutional church is central to the Christian faith

Economic and political origin of the Italian Renaissance

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period witnessed phenomenal commercial and financial development the growing political power of self-governing cities in northern Italy and great population expansion . In the great commercial revival of the eleventh century , northern Italian cities led the way . By the middle of the twelfth century , Venice , supported by a huge merchant marine had grown enormously rich from overseas trade . Genoa and Milan enjoyed the benefits of a large volume of trade with the Middle East and northern Europe

The invasion of Italy in 1494 by the French king Charles VIII (r .1483-1498 ) inaugurated a new period in Italian and European power politics . Italy becomes the focus of international ambition and the battleground o foreign armies . In the sixteenth century , the political and social life of Italy was upset by the relentless competition for dominance between France and the Roman holy empire

Individualism and Humanism

Renaissance humanists were skeptical of their authority , conscious of their historical distance separating themselves from the ancient and fully aware that classical...